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Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study
Sport diagnostics is still in pursuit of the optimal combination of biochemical and hematological markers to assess training loads and the effectiveness of recovery. The biochemical and hematological markers selected for a panel should be specific to the sport and training program. Therefore, the ai...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9318784/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35886433 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148580 |
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author | Nowak, Robert Rój, Konrad Ciechanowicz, Andrzej Lewandowska, Klaudyna Kostrzewa-Nowak, Dorota |
author_facet | Nowak, Robert Rój, Konrad Ciechanowicz, Andrzej Lewandowska, Klaudyna Kostrzewa-Nowak, Dorota |
author_sort | Nowak, Robert |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sport diagnostics is still in pursuit of the optimal combination of biochemical and hematological markers to assess training loads and the effectiveness of recovery. The biochemical and hematological markers selected for a panel should be specific to the sport and training program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of selected biochemical and hematological variables in professional long-distance and sprint swimming. Twenty-seven participants aged 15–18 years took part in the study. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and creatinine (Cr), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB) and iron concentrations were measured for 10 weeks and compared with the traditional sport diagnostic markers of creatine kinase (CK) activity and urea (U) concentration. Additionally, capillary blood morphology was analyzed. An effective panel should consist of measurements of CK and AST activities and urea, TB, DB and ferritin concentrations. These markers provide a good overview of athletes’ post-training effort changes, can help assess the effectiveness of their recovery regardless of sex or competitive distance and are affordable. Moreover, changes in ferritin concentration can indicate inflammation status and, when combined with iron concentration and blood morphology, can help to avoid iron deficiencies, anemia and adverse inflammatory states in swimmers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9318784 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93187842022-07-27 Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study Nowak, Robert Rój, Konrad Ciechanowicz, Andrzej Lewandowska, Klaudyna Kostrzewa-Nowak, Dorota Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Sport diagnostics is still in pursuit of the optimal combination of biochemical and hematological markers to assess training loads and the effectiveness of recovery. The biochemical and hematological markers selected for a panel should be specific to the sport and training program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of selected biochemical and hematological variables in professional long-distance and sprint swimming. Twenty-seven participants aged 15–18 years took part in the study. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and creatinine (Cr), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB) and iron concentrations were measured for 10 weeks and compared with the traditional sport diagnostic markers of creatine kinase (CK) activity and urea (U) concentration. Additionally, capillary blood morphology was analyzed. An effective panel should consist of measurements of CK and AST activities and urea, TB, DB and ferritin concentrations. These markers provide a good overview of athletes’ post-training effort changes, can help assess the effectiveness of their recovery regardless of sex or competitive distance and are affordable. Moreover, changes in ferritin concentration can indicate inflammation status and, when combined with iron concentration and blood morphology, can help to avoid iron deficiencies, anemia and adverse inflammatory states in swimmers. MDPI 2022-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9318784/ /pubmed/35886433 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148580 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Nowak, Robert Rój, Konrad Ciechanowicz, Andrzej Lewandowska, Klaudyna Kostrzewa-Nowak, Dorota Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study |
title | Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study |
title_full | Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study |
title_fullStr | Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study |
title_short | Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study |
title_sort | capillary blood recovery variables in young swimmers: an observational case study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9318784/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35886433 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148580 |
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