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Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study

Background: The increasing aging of the population with the consequent increase of age-associated cognitive disorders pose the challenge of controlling its preventable risk factors, among which vitamin D deficit is a putative factor. Thus, our objective is to explore the association between vitamin...

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Autores principales: Márquez, Carlos, Angel, Bárbara, Lera, Lydia, Bendayan, Rebecca, Sánchez, Hugo, Albala, Cecilia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9319397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35887574
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12071078
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author Márquez, Carlos
Angel, Bárbara
Lera, Lydia
Bendayan, Rebecca
Sánchez, Hugo
Albala, Cecilia
author_facet Márquez, Carlos
Angel, Bárbara
Lera, Lydia
Bendayan, Rebecca
Sánchez, Hugo
Albala, Cecilia
author_sort Márquez, Carlos
collection PubMed
description Background: The increasing aging of the population with the consequent increase of age-associated cognitive disorders pose the challenge of controlling its preventable risk factors, among which vitamin D deficit is a putative factor. Thus, our objective is to explore the association between vitamin D and cognitive performance in a cohort study of community-dwelling Chilean older people. Material and Methods: Cohort study of 955 (69.7% female), community-dwelling older Chileans free of cognitive impairment from the Alexandros cohorts, with 25(OH)D measurement at baseline. Cognitive Function was evaluated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) short-form questionnaire. Plasma levels of 25(OH)D were classified as Normal > 30 ng/mL Insufficiency 20–29 ng/mL, Deficiency 20–12 ng/mL and Severe Deficiency < 12 ng/mL. Penalized regressions models were made to assess associations. Results: Mean age of the sample was 66.6 + 4.5 years, with 8.5 + 4.7 years of education. After a mean follow-up of 9.6 years, 54 new cases of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)were identified (Incidence density rate = 5.9 per 1000 person/years). Mean vitamin D plasma levels were lower in people with MCI than in the normal cognitive ones (23.0 + 12.75 vs. 28.35 + 15.17 ng/mL, p < 0.01). In the fully adjusted model only severe deficiency of vitamin D was associated with MCI (RR = 2.33; 95% CI: (1.03–5.26). Conclusions: In this longitudinal study, our results confirm that low Vitamin D is a risk factor for MCI, and that people with severe deficiency have more than double the risk of MCI people with normal Vitamin D levels. Considering the high frequency of vitamin D deficiency in older people, and its preventability, these results are very valuable for future public health programmes.
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spelling pubmed-93193972022-07-27 Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study Márquez, Carlos Angel, Bárbara Lera, Lydia Bendayan, Rebecca Sánchez, Hugo Albala, Cecilia J Pers Med Article Background: The increasing aging of the population with the consequent increase of age-associated cognitive disorders pose the challenge of controlling its preventable risk factors, among which vitamin D deficit is a putative factor. Thus, our objective is to explore the association between vitamin D and cognitive performance in a cohort study of community-dwelling Chilean older people. Material and Methods: Cohort study of 955 (69.7% female), community-dwelling older Chileans free of cognitive impairment from the Alexandros cohorts, with 25(OH)D measurement at baseline. Cognitive Function was evaluated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) short-form questionnaire. Plasma levels of 25(OH)D were classified as Normal > 30 ng/mL Insufficiency 20–29 ng/mL, Deficiency 20–12 ng/mL and Severe Deficiency < 12 ng/mL. Penalized regressions models were made to assess associations. Results: Mean age of the sample was 66.6 + 4.5 years, with 8.5 + 4.7 years of education. After a mean follow-up of 9.6 years, 54 new cases of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)were identified (Incidence density rate = 5.9 per 1000 person/years). Mean vitamin D plasma levels were lower in people with MCI than in the normal cognitive ones (23.0 + 12.75 vs. 28.35 + 15.17 ng/mL, p < 0.01). In the fully adjusted model only severe deficiency of vitamin D was associated with MCI (RR = 2.33; 95% CI: (1.03–5.26). Conclusions: In this longitudinal study, our results confirm that low Vitamin D is a risk factor for MCI, and that people with severe deficiency have more than double the risk of MCI people with normal Vitamin D levels. Considering the high frequency of vitamin D deficiency in older people, and its preventability, these results are very valuable for future public health programmes. MDPI 2022-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9319397/ /pubmed/35887574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12071078 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Márquez, Carlos
Angel, Bárbara
Lera, Lydia
Bendayan, Rebecca
Sánchez, Hugo
Albala, Cecilia
Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study
title Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study
title_full Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study
title_fullStr Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study
title_short Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study
title_sort exploring the association between vitamin d and changes in cognitive function in chilean older adults: evidence from the alexandros cohort study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9319397/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35887574
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12071078
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