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Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India

Background There is paucity of real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness from cohort designs. Variable vaccine performance has been observed in test-negative case-control designs. There is also scarce real-world data of health issues in individuals receiving vaccines after prior COVID-19, an...

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Autores principales: Kaur, Upinder, Bala, Sapna, Joshi, Aditi, Reddy, Noti Taruni Srija, Japur, Chetan, Chauhan, Mayank, Pedapanga, Nikitha, Kumar, Shubham, Mukherjee, Anurup, Mishra, Vaibhav, Talda, Dolly, Singh, Rohit, Gupta, Rohit Kumar, Yadav, Ashish Kumar, Rana, Poonam Jyoti, Srivastava, Jyoti, Bhat K., Shobha, Singh, Anup, G., Naveen Kumar P., Pandey, Manoj, Patwardhan, Kishor, Kansal, Sangeeta, Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9319407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35891317
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071153
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author Kaur, Upinder
Bala, Sapna
Joshi, Aditi
Reddy, Noti Taruni Srija
Japur, Chetan
Chauhan, Mayank
Pedapanga, Nikitha
Kumar, Shubham
Mukherjee, Anurup
Mishra, Vaibhav
Talda, Dolly
Singh, Rohit
Gupta, Rohit Kumar
Yadav, Ashish Kumar
Rana, Poonam Jyoti
Srivastava, Jyoti
Bhat K., Shobha
Singh, Anup
G., Naveen Kumar P.
Pandey, Manoj
Patwardhan, Kishor
Kansal, Sangeeta
Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra
author_facet Kaur, Upinder
Bala, Sapna
Joshi, Aditi
Reddy, Noti Taruni Srija
Japur, Chetan
Chauhan, Mayank
Pedapanga, Nikitha
Kumar, Shubham
Mukherjee, Anurup
Mishra, Vaibhav
Talda, Dolly
Singh, Rohit
Gupta, Rohit Kumar
Yadav, Ashish Kumar
Rana, Poonam Jyoti
Srivastava, Jyoti
Bhat K., Shobha
Singh, Anup
G., Naveen Kumar P.
Pandey, Manoj
Patwardhan, Kishor
Kansal, Sangeeta
Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra
author_sort Kaur, Upinder
collection PubMed
description Background There is paucity of real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness from cohort designs. Variable vaccine performance has been observed in test-negative case-control designs. There is also scarce real-world data of health issues in individuals receiving vaccines after prior COVID-19, and of adverse events of significant concern (AESCs) in the vaccinated. Methods: A cohort study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021 in a tertiary hospital of North India. The primary outcome was vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the second wave in India. Secondary outcomes were AESCs, and persistent health issues in those receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors of COVID-19 outcomes and persistent health issues. Results: Of the 2760 health care workers included, 2544 had received COVID-19 vaccines, with COVISHIELD (rChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine) received by 2476 (97.3%) and COVAXIN (inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) by 64 (2.5%). A total of 2691 HCWs were included in the vaccine effectiveness analysis, and 973 COVID-19 events were reported during the period of analysis. Maximum effectiveness of two doses of vaccine in preventing COVID-19 occurrence was 17% across three different strategies of analysis adopted for robustness of data. One-dose recipients were at 1.27-times increased risk of COVID-19. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was a strong independent protective factor against COVID-19 (aOR 0.66). Full vaccination reduced moderate–severe COVID-19 by 57%. Those with lung disease were at 2.54-times increased risk of moderate–severe COVID-19, independent of vaccination status. AESCs were observed in 33/2544 (1.3%) vaccinees, including one case each of myocarditis and severe hypersensitivity. Individuals with hypothyroidism were at 5-times higher risk and those receiving a vaccine after recovery from COVID-19 were at 3-times higher risk of persistent health issues. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination reduced COVID-19 severity but offered marginal protection against occurrence. The possible relationship of asthma and hypothyroidism with COVID-19 outcomes necessitates focused research. With independent protection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and high-risk of persistent health issues in individuals receiving vaccine after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection, the recommendation of vaccinating those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection needs reconsideration.
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spelling pubmed-93194072022-07-27 Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India Kaur, Upinder Bala, Sapna Joshi, Aditi Reddy, Noti Taruni Srija Japur, Chetan Chauhan, Mayank Pedapanga, Nikitha Kumar, Shubham Mukherjee, Anurup Mishra, Vaibhav Talda, Dolly Singh, Rohit Gupta, Rohit Kumar Yadav, Ashish Kumar Rana, Poonam Jyoti Srivastava, Jyoti Bhat K., Shobha Singh, Anup G., Naveen Kumar P. Pandey, Manoj Patwardhan, Kishor Kansal, Sangeeta Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra Vaccines (Basel) Article Background There is paucity of real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness from cohort designs. Variable vaccine performance has been observed in test-negative case-control designs. There is also scarce real-world data of health issues in individuals receiving vaccines after prior COVID-19, and of adverse events of significant concern (AESCs) in the vaccinated. Methods: A cohort study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021 in a tertiary hospital of North India. The primary outcome was vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the second wave in India. Secondary outcomes were AESCs, and persistent health issues in those receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors of COVID-19 outcomes and persistent health issues. Results: Of the 2760 health care workers included, 2544 had received COVID-19 vaccines, with COVISHIELD (rChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine) received by 2476 (97.3%) and COVAXIN (inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) by 64 (2.5%). A total of 2691 HCWs were included in the vaccine effectiveness analysis, and 973 COVID-19 events were reported during the period of analysis. Maximum effectiveness of two doses of vaccine in preventing COVID-19 occurrence was 17% across three different strategies of analysis adopted for robustness of data. One-dose recipients were at 1.27-times increased risk of COVID-19. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was a strong independent protective factor against COVID-19 (aOR 0.66). Full vaccination reduced moderate–severe COVID-19 by 57%. Those with lung disease were at 2.54-times increased risk of moderate–severe COVID-19, independent of vaccination status. AESCs were observed in 33/2544 (1.3%) vaccinees, including one case each of myocarditis and severe hypersensitivity. Individuals with hypothyroidism were at 5-times higher risk and those receiving a vaccine after recovery from COVID-19 were at 3-times higher risk of persistent health issues. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination reduced COVID-19 severity but offered marginal protection against occurrence. The possible relationship of asthma and hypothyroidism with COVID-19 outcomes necessitates focused research. With independent protection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and high-risk of persistent health issues in individuals receiving vaccine after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection, the recommendation of vaccinating those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection needs reconsideration. MDPI 2022-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9319407/ /pubmed/35891317 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071153 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kaur, Upinder
Bala, Sapna
Joshi, Aditi
Reddy, Noti Taruni Srija
Japur, Chetan
Chauhan, Mayank
Pedapanga, Nikitha
Kumar, Shubham
Mukherjee, Anurup
Mishra, Vaibhav
Talda, Dolly
Singh, Rohit
Gupta, Rohit Kumar
Yadav, Ashish Kumar
Rana, Poonam Jyoti
Srivastava, Jyoti
Bhat K., Shobha
Singh, Anup
G., Naveen Kumar P.
Pandey, Manoj
Patwardhan, Kishor
Kansal, Sangeeta
Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra
Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India
title Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India
title_full Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India
title_fullStr Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India
title_full_unstemmed Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India
title_short Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India
title_sort persistent health issues, adverse events, and effectiveness of vaccines during the second wave of covid-19: a cohort study from a tertiary hospital in north india
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9319407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35891317
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071153
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