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Iodine Status Modifies the Association between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys’ Intelligence
In animal studies, the combination of in utero fluoride exposure and low iodine has greater negative effects on offspring learning and memory than either alone, but this has not been studied in children. We evaluated whether the maternal urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) modifies the association b...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9319869/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35889877 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142920 |
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author | Goodman, Carly V. Hall, Meaghan Green, Rivka Chevrier, Jonathan Ayotte, Pierre Martinez-Mier, Esperanza Angeles McGuckin, Taylor Krzeczkowski, John Flora, David Hornung, Richard Lanphear, Bruce Till, Christine |
author_facet | Goodman, Carly V. Hall, Meaghan Green, Rivka Chevrier, Jonathan Ayotte, Pierre Martinez-Mier, Esperanza Angeles McGuckin, Taylor Krzeczkowski, John Flora, David Hornung, Richard Lanphear, Bruce Till, Christine |
author_sort | Goodman, Carly V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | In animal studies, the combination of in utero fluoride exposure and low iodine has greater negative effects on offspring learning and memory than either alone, but this has not been studied in children. We evaluated whether the maternal urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) modifies the association between maternal urinary fluoride (MUF) and boys’ and girls’ intelligence. We used data from 366 mother–child dyads in the Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study. We corrected trimester-specific MUF and MUIC for creatinine, and averaged them to yield our exposure variables (MUF(CRE), mg/g; MUIC(CRE), µg/g). We assessed children’s full-scale intelligence (FSIQ) at 3 to 4 years. Using multiple linear regression, we estimated a three-way interaction between MUF(CRE), MUIC(CRE), and child sex on FSIQ, controlling for covariates. The MUIC(CRE) by MUF(CRE) interaction was significant for boys (p = 0.042), but not girls (p = 0.190). For boys whose mothers had low iodine, a 0.5 mg/g increase in MUF(CRE) was associated with a 4.65-point lower FSIQ score (95% CI: −7.67, −1.62). For boys whose mothers had adequate iodine, a 0.5 mg/g increase in MUF(CRE) was associated with a 2.95-point lower FSIQ score (95% CI: −4.77, −1.13). These results suggest adequate iodine intake during pregnancy may minimize fluoride’s neurotoxicity in boys. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9319869 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93198692022-07-27 Iodine Status Modifies the Association between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys’ Intelligence Goodman, Carly V. Hall, Meaghan Green, Rivka Chevrier, Jonathan Ayotte, Pierre Martinez-Mier, Esperanza Angeles McGuckin, Taylor Krzeczkowski, John Flora, David Hornung, Richard Lanphear, Bruce Till, Christine Nutrients Article In animal studies, the combination of in utero fluoride exposure and low iodine has greater negative effects on offspring learning and memory than either alone, but this has not been studied in children. We evaluated whether the maternal urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) modifies the association between maternal urinary fluoride (MUF) and boys’ and girls’ intelligence. We used data from 366 mother–child dyads in the Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study. We corrected trimester-specific MUF and MUIC for creatinine, and averaged them to yield our exposure variables (MUF(CRE), mg/g; MUIC(CRE), µg/g). We assessed children’s full-scale intelligence (FSIQ) at 3 to 4 years. Using multiple linear regression, we estimated a three-way interaction between MUF(CRE), MUIC(CRE), and child sex on FSIQ, controlling for covariates. The MUIC(CRE) by MUF(CRE) interaction was significant for boys (p = 0.042), but not girls (p = 0.190). For boys whose mothers had low iodine, a 0.5 mg/g increase in MUF(CRE) was associated with a 4.65-point lower FSIQ score (95% CI: −7.67, −1.62). For boys whose mothers had adequate iodine, a 0.5 mg/g increase in MUF(CRE) was associated with a 2.95-point lower FSIQ score (95% CI: −4.77, −1.13). These results suggest adequate iodine intake during pregnancy may minimize fluoride’s neurotoxicity in boys. MDPI 2022-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9319869/ /pubmed/35889877 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142920 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Goodman, Carly V. Hall, Meaghan Green, Rivka Chevrier, Jonathan Ayotte, Pierre Martinez-Mier, Esperanza Angeles McGuckin, Taylor Krzeczkowski, John Flora, David Hornung, Richard Lanphear, Bruce Till, Christine Iodine Status Modifies the Association between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys’ Intelligence |
title | Iodine Status Modifies the Association between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys’ Intelligence |
title_full | Iodine Status Modifies the Association between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys’ Intelligence |
title_fullStr | Iodine Status Modifies the Association between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys’ Intelligence |
title_full_unstemmed | Iodine Status Modifies the Association between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys’ Intelligence |
title_short | Iodine Status Modifies the Association between Fluoride Exposure in Pregnancy and Preschool Boys’ Intelligence |
title_sort | iodine status modifies the association between fluoride exposure in pregnancy and preschool boys’ intelligence |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9319869/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35889877 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142920 |
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