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Non-Destructive Testing Using Eddy Current Sensors for Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Titanium and Stainless-Steel Parts

In this study, different eddy-current based probe designs (absolute and commercial reflection) are used to detect artificial defects with different sizes and at different depths in parts composed of stainless-steel (316) and titanium (TI-64) made by Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM). The measured d...

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Autores principales: E. Farag, Heba, Toyserkani, Ehsan, Khamesee, Mir Behrad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9320217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35891120
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145440
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author E. Farag, Heba
Toyserkani, Ehsan
Khamesee, Mir Behrad
author_facet E. Farag, Heba
Toyserkani, Ehsan
Khamesee, Mir Behrad
author_sort E. Farag, Heba
collection PubMed
description In this study, different eddy-current based probe designs (absolute and commercial reflection) are used to detect artificial defects with different sizes and at different depths in parts composed of stainless-steel (316) and titanium (TI-64) made by Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM). The measured defect signal value using the probes is in the range of (20–200) millivolts. Both probes can detect subsurface defects on stainless-steel samples with average surface roughness of 11.6 µm and titanium samples with average surface roughness of 8.7 µm. It is found the signal reading can be improved by adding a coating layer made of thin paper to the bottom of the probes. The layer will decrease the surface roughness effect and smooth out the detected defect signal from any ripples. The smallest subsurface artificial defect size detected by both probes is an artificially made notch with 0.07 mm width and 25 mm length. In addition, both probes detected subsurface artificial blind holes in the range of 0.17 mm–0.3 mm radius. Results show that the absolute probe is more suitable to detect cracks and incomplete fusion holes, whereas the reflection probe is more suitable to detect small diameter blind holes. The setup can be used for defect detection during the additive manufacturing process once the melt pool is solidified.
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spelling pubmed-93202172022-07-27 Non-Destructive Testing Using Eddy Current Sensors for Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Titanium and Stainless-Steel Parts E. Farag, Heba Toyserkani, Ehsan Khamesee, Mir Behrad Sensors (Basel) Article In this study, different eddy-current based probe designs (absolute and commercial reflection) are used to detect artificial defects with different sizes and at different depths in parts composed of stainless-steel (316) and titanium (TI-64) made by Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM). The measured defect signal value using the probes is in the range of (20–200) millivolts. Both probes can detect subsurface defects on stainless-steel samples with average surface roughness of 11.6 µm and titanium samples with average surface roughness of 8.7 µm. It is found the signal reading can be improved by adding a coating layer made of thin paper to the bottom of the probes. The layer will decrease the surface roughness effect and smooth out the detected defect signal from any ripples. The smallest subsurface artificial defect size detected by both probes is an artificially made notch with 0.07 mm width and 25 mm length. In addition, both probes detected subsurface artificial blind holes in the range of 0.17 mm–0.3 mm radius. Results show that the absolute probe is more suitable to detect cracks and incomplete fusion holes, whereas the reflection probe is more suitable to detect small diameter blind holes. The setup can be used for defect detection during the additive manufacturing process once the melt pool is solidified. MDPI 2022-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9320217/ /pubmed/35891120 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145440 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
E. Farag, Heba
Toyserkani, Ehsan
Khamesee, Mir Behrad
Non-Destructive Testing Using Eddy Current Sensors for Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Titanium and Stainless-Steel Parts
title Non-Destructive Testing Using Eddy Current Sensors for Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Titanium and Stainless-Steel Parts
title_full Non-Destructive Testing Using Eddy Current Sensors for Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Titanium and Stainless-Steel Parts
title_fullStr Non-Destructive Testing Using Eddy Current Sensors for Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Titanium and Stainless-Steel Parts
title_full_unstemmed Non-Destructive Testing Using Eddy Current Sensors for Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Titanium and Stainless-Steel Parts
title_short Non-Destructive Testing Using Eddy Current Sensors for Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Titanium and Stainless-Steel Parts
title_sort non-destructive testing using eddy current sensors for defect detection in additively manufactured titanium and stainless-steel parts
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9320217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35891120
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145440
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