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Clinical Characteristics and Potential Pathogenesis of Cardiac Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review

Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at an increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an acute inflammatory intestinal injury most commonly associated with preterm infants. The rarity of this complex disease, termed cardiac NEC, has resulted in a dearth of information...

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Autores principales: Burge, Kathryn Y., Gunasekaran, Aarthi, Makoni, Marjorie M., Mir, Arshid M., Burkhart, Harold M., Chaaban, Hala
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9320426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35887751
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11143987
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author Burge, Kathryn Y.
Gunasekaran, Aarthi
Makoni, Marjorie M.
Mir, Arshid M.
Burkhart, Harold M.
Chaaban, Hala
author_facet Burge, Kathryn Y.
Gunasekaran, Aarthi
Makoni, Marjorie M.
Mir, Arshid M.
Burkhart, Harold M.
Chaaban, Hala
author_sort Burge, Kathryn Y.
collection PubMed
description Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at an increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an acute inflammatory intestinal injury most commonly associated with preterm infants. The rarity of this complex disease, termed cardiac NEC, has resulted in a dearth of information on its pathophysiology. However, a higher incidence in term infants, effects on more distal regions of the intestine, and potentially a differential immune response may distinguish cardiac NEC as a distinct condition from the more common preterm, classical NEC. In this review, risk factors, differentiated from those of classical NEC, are discussed according to their potential contribution to the disease process, and a general pathogenesis is postulated for cardiac NEC. Additionally, biomarkers specific to cardiac NEC, clinical outcomes, and strategies for achieving enteral feeds are discussed. Working towards an understanding of the mechanisms underlying cardiac NEC may aid in future diagnosis of the condition and provide potential therapeutic targets.
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spelling pubmed-93204262022-07-27 Clinical Characteristics and Potential Pathogenesis of Cardiac Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review Burge, Kathryn Y. Gunasekaran, Aarthi Makoni, Marjorie M. Mir, Arshid M. Burkhart, Harold M. Chaaban, Hala J Clin Med Review Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at an increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an acute inflammatory intestinal injury most commonly associated with preterm infants. The rarity of this complex disease, termed cardiac NEC, has resulted in a dearth of information on its pathophysiology. However, a higher incidence in term infants, effects on more distal regions of the intestine, and potentially a differential immune response may distinguish cardiac NEC as a distinct condition from the more common preterm, classical NEC. In this review, risk factors, differentiated from those of classical NEC, are discussed according to their potential contribution to the disease process, and a general pathogenesis is postulated for cardiac NEC. Additionally, biomarkers specific to cardiac NEC, clinical outcomes, and strategies for achieving enteral feeds are discussed. Working towards an understanding of the mechanisms underlying cardiac NEC may aid in future diagnosis of the condition and provide potential therapeutic targets. MDPI 2022-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9320426/ /pubmed/35887751 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11143987 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Burge, Kathryn Y.
Gunasekaran, Aarthi
Makoni, Marjorie M.
Mir, Arshid M.
Burkhart, Harold M.
Chaaban, Hala
Clinical Characteristics and Potential Pathogenesis of Cardiac Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review
title Clinical Characteristics and Potential Pathogenesis of Cardiac Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review
title_full Clinical Characteristics and Potential Pathogenesis of Cardiac Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Clinical Characteristics and Potential Pathogenesis of Cardiac Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Characteristics and Potential Pathogenesis of Cardiac Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review
title_short Clinical Characteristics and Potential Pathogenesis of Cardiac Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review
title_sort clinical characteristics and potential pathogenesis of cardiac necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with congenital heart disease: a narrative review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9320426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35887751
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11143987
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