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Club Convergence of Economies’ Per Capita Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Countries That Proposed Carbon Neutrality
To achieve the long-term goals outlined in the Paris Agreement that address climate change, many countries have committed to carbon neutrality targets. The study of the characteristics and emissions trends of these economies is essential for the realistic formulation of accurate corresponding carbon...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9321322/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35886188 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148336 |
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author | Yang, Zhaofu Yuan, Yongna Tan, Yu |
author_facet | Yang, Zhaofu Yuan, Yongna Tan, Yu |
author_sort | Yang, Zhaofu |
collection | PubMed |
description | To achieve the long-term goals outlined in the Paris Agreement that address climate change, many countries have committed to carbon neutrality targets. The study of the characteristics and emissions trends of these economies is essential for the realistic formulation of accurate corresponding carbon neutral policies. In this study, we investigate the convergence characteristics of per capita carbon emissions (PCCEs) in 121 countries with carbon neutrality targets from 1990 to 2019 using a nonlinear time-varying factor model-based club convergence analysis, followed by an ordered logit model to explore the mechanism of convergence club formation. The results reveal three relevant findings. (1) Three convergence clubs for the PCCEs of countries with proposed carbon neutrality targets were evident, and the PCCEs of different convergence clubs converged in multiple steady-state levels along differing transition paths. (2) After the Kyoto Protocol came into effect, some developed countries were moved to the club with lower emissions levels, whereas some developing countries displayed elevated emissions, converging with the higher-level club. (3) It was shown that countries with higher initial emissions, energy intensity, industrial structure, and economic development levels are more likely to converge with higher-PCCEs clubs, whereas countries with higher urbanization levels are more likely to converge in clubs with lower PCCEs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9321322 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93213222022-07-27 Club Convergence of Economies’ Per Capita Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Countries That Proposed Carbon Neutrality Yang, Zhaofu Yuan, Yongna Tan, Yu Int J Environ Res Public Health Article To achieve the long-term goals outlined in the Paris Agreement that address climate change, many countries have committed to carbon neutrality targets. The study of the characteristics and emissions trends of these economies is essential for the realistic formulation of accurate corresponding carbon neutral policies. In this study, we investigate the convergence characteristics of per capita carbon emissions (PCCEs) in 121 countries with carbon neutrality targets from 1990 to 2019 using a nonlinear time-varying factor model-based club convergence analysis, followed by an ordered logit model to explore the mechanism of convergence club formation. The results reveal three relevant findings. (1) Three convergence clubs for the PCCEs of countries with proposed carbon neutrality targets were evident, and the PCCEs of different convergence clubs converged in multiple steady-state levels along differing transition paths. (2) After the Kyoto Protocol came into effect, some developed countries were moved to the club with lower emissions levels, whereas some developing countries displayed elevated emissions, converging with the higher-level club. (3) It was shown that countries with higher initial emissions, energy intensity, industrial structure, and economic development levels are more likely to converge with higher-PCCEs clubs, whereas countries with higher urbanization levels are more likely to converge in clubs with lower PCCEs. MDPI 2022-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9321322/ /pubmed/35886188 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148336 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yang, Zhaofu Yuan, Yongna Tan, Yu Club Convergence of Economies’ Per Capita Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Countries That Proposed Carbon Neutrality |
title | Club Convergence of Economies’ Per Capita Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Countries That Proposed Carbon Neutrality |
title_full | Club Convergence of Economies’ Per Capita Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Countries That Proposed Carbon Neutrality |
title_fullStr | Club Convergence of Economies’ Per Capita Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Countries That Proposed Carbon Neutrality |
title_full_unstemmed | Club Convergence of Economies’ Per Capita Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Countries That Proposed Carbon Neutrality |
title_short | Club Convergence of Economies’ Per Capita Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Countries That Proposed Carbon Neutrality |
title_sort | club convergence of economies’ per capita carbon emissions: evidence from countries that proposed carbon neutrality |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9321322/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35886188 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148336 |
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