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Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia
BACKGROUND: High rates of non-prescription dispensing of antimicrobials have led to a significant increase in the antimicrobial overuse and misuse in Saudi Arabia (SA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial utilization following the enforcement of a new prescription-only anti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9321410/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35881572 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271188 |
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author | Al-Jedai, Ahmed Hamdan Almogbel, Yasser Eljaaly, Khalid Alqahtani, Nasser M. Almudaiheem, Hajer Yousef Awad, Nancy Alissa, Dema Abdulrahman Assiri, Abdullah Alaama, Tareef |
author_facet | Al-Jedai, Ahmed Hamdan Almogbel, Yasser Eljaaly, Khalid Alqahtani, Nasser M. Almudaiheem, Hajer Yousef Awad, Nancy Alissa, Dema Abdulrahman Assiri, Abdullah Alaama, Tareef |
author_sort | Al-Jedai, Ahmed Hamdan |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: High rates of non-prescription dispensing of antimicrobials have led to a significant increase in the antimicrobial overuse and misuse in Saudi Arabia (SA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial utilization following the enforcement of a new prescription-only antimicrobial dispensing policy in the community pharmacy setting in SA. METHODS: Data were extracted from the IQVIA database between May 2017 and May 2019. The antimicrobial utilization rates, based on sales, defined daily dose in grams (DDD), DDD/1000 inhabitants/day (DID), and antimicrobial-claims for the pre-policy (May 2017 to April 2018) and post-policy (June 2018 to May 2019) periods were assessed. RESULTS: Overall antimicrobial utilization declined slightly (~9–10%) in the post-policy versus pre-policy period (sales, 31,334 versus 34,492 thousand units; DDD, 183,134 versus 202,936), with higher claims (~16%) after policy implementation. There was a sudden drop in the utilization rate immediately after policy enforcement; however, the values increased subsequently, closely matching the pre-policy values. Utilization patterns were similar in both periods; penicillin was the most used antimicrobial (sales: 11,648–14,700–thousand units; DDD: 71,038–91,227; DID: 2.88–3.78). For both periods, the highest dip in utilization was observed in July (sales: 1,027–1,559 thousand units; DDD: 6,194–9,399), while the highest spike was in March/October (sales: 3,346–3,884 thousand units; DDD: 22,329–19,453). CONCLUSION: Non-prescription antimicrobial utilization reduced minimally following policy implementation in the community pharmacies across SA. Effective implementation of prescription-only regulations is necessary. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9321410 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93214102022-07-27 Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia Al-Jedai, Ahmed Hamdan Almogbel, Yasser Eljaaly, Khalid Alqahtani, Nasser M. Almudaiheem, Hajer Yousef Awad, Nancy Alissa, Dema Abdulrahman Assiri, Abdullah Alaama, Tareef PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: High rates of non-prescription dispensing of antimicrobials have led to a significant increase in the antimicrobial overuse and misuse in Saudi Arabia (SA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial utilization following the enforcement of a new prescription-only antimicrobial dispensing policy in the community pharmacy setting in SA. METHODS: Data were extracted from the IQVIA database between May 2017 and May 2019. The antimicrobial utilization rates, based on sales, defined daily dose in grams (DDD), DDD/1000 inhabitants/day (DID), and antimicrobial-claims for the pre-policy (May 2017 to April 2018) and post-policy (June 2018 to May 2019) periods were assessed. RESULTS: Overall antimicrobial utilization declined slightly (~9–10%) in the post-policy versus pre-policy period (sales, 31,334 versus 34,492 thousand units; DDD, 183,134 versus 202,936), with higher claims (~16%) after policy implementation. There was a sudden drop in the utilization rate immediately after policy enforcement; however, the values increased subsequently, closely matching the pre-policy values. Utilization patterns were similar in both periods; penicillin was the most used antimicrobial (sales: 11,648–14,700–thousand units; DDD: 71,038–91,227; DID: 2.88–3.78). For both periods, the highest dip in utilization was observed in July (sales: 1,027–1,559 thousand units; DDD: 6,194–9,399), while the highest spike was in March/October (sales: 3,346–3,884 thousand units; DDD: 22,329–19,453). CONCLUSION: Non-prescription antimicrobial utilization reduced minimally following policy implementation in the community pharmacies across SA. Effective implementation of prescription-only regulations is necessary. Public Library of Science 2022-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9321410/ /pubmed/35881572 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271188 Text en © 2022 Al-Jedai et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Al-Jedai, Ahmed Hamdan Almogbel, Yasser Eljaaly, Khalid Alqahtani, Nasser M. Almudaiheem, Hajer Yousef Awad, Nancy Alissa, Dema Abdulrahman Assiri, Abdullah Alaama, Tareef Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia |
title | Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia |
title_full | Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia |
title_fullStr | Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia |
title_full_unstemmed | Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia |
title_short | Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia |
title_sort | restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in saudi arabia |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9321410/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35881572 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271188 |
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