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Dynamics and Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing on Symptomatic Individuals Attending Healthcare Centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil
RT-PCR testing data provides opportunities to explore regional and individual determinants of test positivity and surveillance infrastructure. Using Generalized Additive Models, we explored 222,515 tests of a random sample of individuals with COVID-19 compatible symptoms in the Brazilian state of Ba...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9321627/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35891528 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071549 |
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author | Pereira, Felicidade Mota Salomão de Araujo, Aline Catarina Martins Reis, Ana Santos da Hora, Anadilton Pinotti, Francesco Paton, Robert S. Vilas Boas Figueiredo, Camylla Lopes Damasceno, Caroline Carlos dos Santos, Daiana Souza de Santana, Daniele Freitas Sales, Danielle Ariana Andrade Brandão, Evelyn da Silva Batista, Everton Campos de Sousa, Fulvia Soares Santana Menezes, Gabriela Silveira dos Santos, Jackeline Gomes Lima, Jaqueline Tadeu Brito, Jean Dandara dos Santos, Lenisa Reboredo, Luciana Santana Santos, Maiara Kelly Astete Gomez, Marcela Freitas da Cruz, Marcia Rosa Ampuero, Mariana Guerra Lemos da Silva, Mariele S. da Paixão Melo, Mariza Ferreira da Silva, Marta de Jesus Gonçalves dos Santos, Nadja de Souza Pessoa, Núbia Silva de Araujo, Ramile de Macedo Godim, Taiane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta, Stephane Brandão Nardy, Vanessa Cristina Faria, Elaine Frederico de Carvalho Dominguez Souza, Breno Laís Almeida dos Santos, Jessica Wikramaratna, Paul Giovanetti, Marta Alcântara, Luiz Carlos Junior Lourenço, José Leal e Silva de Mello, Arabela |
author_facet | Pereira, Felicidade Mota Salomão de Araujo, Aline Catarina Martins Reis, Ana Santos da Hora, Anadilton Pinotti, Francesco Paton, Robert S. Vilas Boas Figueiredo, Camylla Lopes Damasceno, Caroline Carlos dos Santos, Daiana Souza de Santana, Daniele Freitas Sales, Danielle Ariana Andrade Brandão, Evelyn da Silva Batista, Everton Campos de Sousa, Fulvia Soares Santana Menezes, Gabriela Silveira dos Santos, Jackeline Gomes Lima, Jaqueline Tadeu Brito, Jean Dandara dos Santos, Lenisa Reboredo, Luciana Santana Santos, Maiara Kelly Astete Gomez, Marcela Freitas da Cruz, Marcia Rosa Ampuero, Mariana Guerra Lemos da Silva, Mariele S. da Paixão Melo, Mariza Ferreira da Silva, Marta de Jesus Gonçalves dos Santos, Nadja de Souza Pessoa, Núbia Silva de Araujo, Ramile de Macedo Godim, Taiane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta, Stephane Brandão Nardy, Vanessa Cristina Faria, Elaine Frederico de Carvalho Dominguez Souza, Breno Laís Almeida dos Santos, Jessica Wikramaratna, Paul Giovanetti, Marta Alcântara, Luiz Carlos Junior Lourenço, José Leal e Silva de Mello, Arabela |
author_sort | Pereira, Felicidade Mota |
collection | PubMed |
description | RT-PCR testing data provides opportunities to explore regional and individual determinants of test positivity and surveillance infrastructure. Using Generalized Additive Models, we explored 222,515 tests of a random sample of individuals with COVID-19 compatible symptoms in the Brazilian state of Bahia during 2020. We found that age and male gender were the most significant determinants of test positivity. There was evidence of an unequal impact among socio-demographic strata, with higher positivity among those living in areas with low education levels during the first epidemic wave, followed by those living in areas with higher education levels in the second wave. Our estimated probability of testing positive after symptom onset corroborates previous reports that the probability decreases with time, more than halving by about two weeks and converging to zero by three weeks. Test positivity rates generally followed state-level reported cases, and while a single laboratory performed ~90% of tests covering ~99% of the state’s area, test turn-around time generally remained below four days. This testing effort is a testimony to the Bahian surveillance capacity during public health emergencies, as previously witnessed during the recent Zika and Yellow Fever outbreaks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9321627 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93216272022-07-27 Dynamics and Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing on Symptomatic Individuals Attending Healthcare Centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil Pereira, Felicidade Mota Salomão de Araujo, Aline Catarina Martins Reis, Ana Santos da Hora, Anadilton Pinotti, Francesco Paton, Robert S. Vilas Boas Figueiredo, Camylla Lopes Damasceno, Caroline Carlos dos Santos, Daiana Souza de Santana, Daniele Freitas Sales, Danielle Ariana Andrade Brandão, Evelyn da Silva Batista, Everton Campos de Sousa, Fulvia Soares Santana Menezes, Gabriela Silveira dos Santos, Jackeline Gomes Lima, Jaqueline Tadeu Brito, Jean Dandara dos Santos, Lenisa Reboredo, Luciana Santana Santos, Maiara Kelly Astete Gomez, Marcela Freitas da Cruz, Marcia Rosa Ampuero, Mariana Guerra Lemos da Silva, Mariele S. da Paixão Melo, Mariza Ferreira da Silva, Marta de Jesus Gonçalves dos Santos, Nadja de Souza Pessoa, Núbia Silva de Araujo, Ramile de Macedo Godim, Taiane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta, Stephane Brandão Nardy, Vanessa Cristina Faria, Elaine Frederico de Carvalho Dominguez Souza, Breno Laís Almeida dos Santos, Jessica Wikramaratna, Paul Giovanetti, Marta Alcântara, Luiz Carlos Junior Lourenço, José Leal e Silva de Mello, Arabela Viruses Article RT-PCR testing data provides opportunities to explore regional and individual determinants of test positivity and surveillance infrastructure. Using Generalized Additive Models, we explored 222,515 tests of a random sample of individuals with COVID-19 compatible symptoms in the Brazilian state of Bahia during 2020. We found that age and male gender were the most significant determinants of test positivity. There was evidence of an unequal impact among socio-demographic strata, with higher positivity among those living in areas with low education levels during the first epidemic wave, followed by those living in areas with higher education levels in the second wave. Our estimated probability of testing positive after symptom onset corroborates previous reports that the probability decreases with time, more than halving by about two weeks and converging to zero by three weeks. Test positivity rates generally followed state-level reported cases, and while a single laboratory performed ~90% of tests covering ~99% of the state’s area, test turn-around time generally remained below four days. This testing effort is a testimony to the Bahian surveillance capacity during public health emergencies, as previously witnessed during the recent Zika and Yellow Fever outbreaks. MDPI 2022-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9321627/ /pubmed/35891528 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071549 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pereira, Felicidade Mota Salomão de Araujo, Aline Catarina Martins Reis, Ana Santos da Hora, Anadilton Pinotti, Francesco Paton, Robert S. Vilas Boas Figueiredo, Camylla Lopes Damasceno, Caroline Carlos dos Santos, Daiana Souza de Santana, Daniele Freitas Sales, Danielle Ariana Andrade Brandão, Evelyn da Silva Batista, Everton Campos de Sousa, Fulvia Soares Santana Menezes, Gabriela Silveira dos Santos, Jackeline Gomes Lima, Jaqueline Tadeu Brito, Jean Dandara dos Santos, Lenisa Reboredo, Luciana Santana Santos, Maiara Kelly Astete Gomez, Marcela Freitas da Cruz, Marcia Rosa Ampuero, Mariana Guerra Lemos da Silva, Mariele S. da Paixão Melo, Mariza Ferreira da Silva, Marta de Jesus Gonçalves dos Santos, Nadja de Souza Pessoa, Núbia Silva de Araujo, Ramile de Macedo Godim, Taiane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta, Stephane Brandão Nardy, Vanessa Cristina Faria, Elaine Frederico de Carvalho Dominguez Souza, Breno Laís Almeida dos Santos, Jessica Wikramaratna, Paul Giovanetti, Marta Alcântara, Luiz Carlos Junior Lourenço, José Leal e Silva de Mello, Arabela Dynamics and Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing on Symptomatic Individuals Attending Healthcare Centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil |
title | Dynamics and Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing on Symptomatic Individuals Attending Healthcare Centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil |
title_full | Dynamics and Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing on Symptomatic Individuals Attending Healthcare Centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil |
title_fullStr | Dynamics and Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing on Symptomatic Individuals Attending Healthcare Centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics and Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing on Symptomatic Individuals Attending Healthcare Centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil |
title_short | Dynamics and Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing on Symptomatic Individuals Attending Healthcare Centers during 2020 in Bahia, Brazil |
title_sort | dynamics and determinants of sars-cov-2 rt-pcr testing on symptomatic individuals attending healthcare centers during 2020 in bahia, brazil |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9321627/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35891528 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071549 |
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