Cargando…

The Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-MS Techniques in the Dissolved and Particulate Phase of Road-Tunnel Wash Water: A Case Study for Cross-Array Comparisons and Applications

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) protocols tailored to either gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode-array and fluorescence detection (HPLC-DAD-FLD) were developed for the determination of EPA 16 po...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Vistnes, Hanne, Sossalla, Nadine A., Røsvik, Anna, Gonzalez, Susana V., Zhang, Junjie, Meyn, Thomas, Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9321833/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35878304
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10070399
_version_ 1784756145445928960
author Vistnes, Hanne
Sossalla, Nadine A.
Røsvik, Anna
Gonzalez, Susana V.
Zhang, Junjie
Meyn, Thomas
Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G.
author_facet Vistnes, Hanne
Sossalla, Nadine A.
Røsvik, Anna
Gonzalez, Susana V.
Zhang, Junjie
Meyn, Thomas
Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G.
author_sort Vistnes, Hanne
collection PubMed
description Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) protocols tailored to either gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode-array and fluorescence detection (HPLC-DAD-FLD) were developed for the determination of EPA 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the particulate and dissolved phase of road-tunnel wash water. An analytical approach was developed, assessed, and applied on environmental samples collected from five road tunnels in Norway. The absolute recoveries ranged from 57 to 104% for the particulates, and from 42 to 79% for the dissolved water phase. The target PAH compounds were separated in 34.75 min using the GC method and in 22.50 min by HPLC. In the particulate phases, higher molecular weight PAHs were detected in the range of 0.043 to 0.93 µg/g, and lower molecular weight PAHs were detected in the range of 0.020 to 1.0 µg/g, while the intermediate ones were present in the range of 0.075 to 2.0 µg/g. In contrast to the particulates, the dissolved phase mainly contained lower molecular weight PAHs in the range of 0.0098 to 0.50 µg/L. GC-MS demonstrated lower detection limits (LODs) than HPLC-DAD-FLD for 13 out of the 16 PAHs. A cross-array comparison of the two analytical techniques indicated that some target PAHs were detected solely or in higher concentrations with HPLC-DAD-FLD, indicating the occurrence of false positive peaks or/and co-eluting components. The resulting concentrations in the road tunnel wash water samples were used to calculate specific PAH forensic ratios to pinpoint the potential sources of PAH pollution. These ratios revealed that there are several potential sources for the origin of PAHs in tunnel wash water.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9321833
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-93218332022-07-27 The Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-MS Techniques in the Dissolved and Particulate Phase of Road-Tunnel Wash Water: A Case Study for Cross-Array Comparisons and Applications Vistnes, Hanne Sossalla, Nadine A. Røsvik, Anna Gonzalez, Susana V. Zhang, Junjie Meyn, Thomas Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G. Toxics Article Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) protocols tailored to either gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode-array and fluorescence detection (HPLC-DAD-FLD) were developed for the determination of EPA 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the particulate and dissolved phase of road-tunnel wash water. An analytical approach was developed, assessed, and applied on environmental samples collected from five road tunnels in Norway. The absolute recoveries ranged from 57 to 104% for the particulates, and from 42 to 79% for the dissolved water phase. The target PAH compounds were separated in 34.75 min using the GC method and in 22.50 min by HPLC. In the particulate phases, higher molecular weight PAHs were detected in the range of 0.043 to 0.93 µg/g, and lower molecular weight PAHs were detected in the range of 0.020 to 1.0 µg/g, while the intermediate ones were present in the range of 0.075 to 2.0 µg/g. In contrast to the particulates, the dissolved phase mainly contained lower molecular weight PAHs in the range of 0.0098 to 0.50 µg/L. GC-MS demonstrated lower detection limits (LODs) than HPLC-DAD-FLD for 13 out of the 16 PAHs. A cross-array comparison of the two analytical techniques indicated that some target PAHs were detected solely or in higher concentrations with HPLC-DAD-FLD, indicating the occurrence of false positive peaks or/and co-eluting components. The resulting concentrations in the road tunnel wash water samples were used to calculate specific PAH forensic ratios to pinpoint the potential sources of PAH pollution. These ratios revealed that there are several potential sources for the origin of PAHs in tunnel wash water. MDPI 2022-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9321833/ /pubmed/35878304 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10070399 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Vistnes, Hanne
Sossalla, Nadine A.
Røsvik, Anna
Gonzalez, Susana V.
Zhang, Junjie
Meyn, Thomas
Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G.
The Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-MS Techniques in the Dissolved and Particulate Phase of Road-Tunnel Wash Water: A Case Study for Cross-Array Comparisons and Applications
title The Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-MS Techniques in the Dissolved and Particulate Phase of Road-Tunnel Wash Water: A Case Study for Cross-Array Comparisons and Applications
title_full The Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-MS Techniques in the Dissolved and Particulate Phase of Road-Tunnel Wash Water: A Case Study for Cross-Array Comparisons and Applications
title_fullStr The Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-MS Techniques in the Dissolved and Particulate Phase of Road-Tunnel Wash Water: A Case Study for Cross-Array Comparisons and Applications
title_full_unstemmed The Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-MS Techniques in the Dissolved and Particulate Phase of Road-Tunnel Wash Water: A Case Study for Cross-Array Comparisons and Applications
title_short The Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-MS Techniques in the Dissolved and Particulate Phase of Road-Tunnel Wash Water: A Case Study for Cross-Array Comparisons and Applications
title_sort determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) with hplc-dad-fld and gc-ms techniques in the dissolved and particulate phase of road-tunnel wash water: a case study for cross-array comparisons and applications
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9321833/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35878304
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10070399
work_keys_str_mv AT vistneshanne thedeterminationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT sossallanadinea thedeterminationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT røsvikanna thedeterminationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT gonzalezsusanav thedeterminationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT zhangjunjie thedeterminationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT meynthomas thedeterminationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT asimakopoulosalexandrosg thedeterminationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT vistneshanne determinationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT sossallanadinea determinationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT røsvikanna determinationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT gonzalezsusanav determinationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT zhangjunjie determinationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT meynthomas determinationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications
AT asimakopoulosalexandrosg determinationofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonspahswithhplcdadfldandgcmstechniquesinthedissolvedandparticulatephaseofroadtunnelwashwateracasestudyforcrossarraycomparisonsandapplications