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Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale
The purpose of this study is to develop the “Recreational Sport Well-being Scale”, which will be used to investigate the subjective recreational sport well-being individuals’ experience after participating in recreational sports. The study participants were Taiwanese who were over 20 years old and p...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9322518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35886616 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148764 |
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author | Pi, Lu-Luan Chang, Chia-Ming Lin, Hsi-Han |
author_facet | Pi, Lu-Luan Chang, Chia-Ming Lin, Hsi-Han |
author_sort | Pi, Lu-Luan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The purpose of this study is to develop the “Recreational Sport Well-being Scale”, which will be used to investigate the subjective recreational sport well-being individuals’ experience after participating in recreational sports. The study participants were Taiwanese who were over 20 years old and participated in recreational sports. Four sets of samples and 4050 questionnaires in total were collected. Using exploratory factor analysis, four factors were extracted from the scale –life satisfaction, physical and mental health, family flourishing, and positive feelings. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale’s overall goodness of fit, convergent validity, and composite reliability all passed the thresholds. The results of cross-validation indicated that the model passed configural invariance, metric invariance, covariance invariance, and error variance invariance, which suggested that the scale has cross validity. Nomological validity analysis was conducted, showing that Recreational Sport Well-being Scale is nomologically valid since it is positively correlated to Subjective Health Scale. Test-retest reliability analysis suggested that the test results were stable when a retest was carried out two weeks later. The developed “Recreational Sport Well-being Scale” is highly reliable and valid and can be applied to measure future recreational sports participants’ well-being. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9322518 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93225182022-07-27 Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale Pi, Lu-Luan Chang, Chia-Ming Lin, Hsi-Han Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The purpose of this study is to develop the “Recreational Sport Well-being Scale”, which will be used to investigate the subjective recreational sport well-being individuals’ experience after participating in recreational sports. The study participants were Taiwanese who were over 20 years old and participated in recreational sports. Four sets of samples and 4050 questionnaires in total were collected. Using exploratory factor analysis, four factors were extracted from the scale –life satisfaction, physical and mental health, family flourishing, and positive feelings. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale’s overall goodness of fit, convergent validity, and composite reliability all passed the thresholds. The results of cross-validation indicated that the model passed configural invariance, metric invariance, covariance invariance, and error variance invariance, which suggested that the scale has cross validity. Nomological validity analysis was conducted, showing that Recreational Sport Well-being Scale is nomologically valid since it is positively correlated to Subjective Health Scale. Test-retest reliability analysis suggested that the test results were stable when a retest was carried out two weeks later. The developed “Recreational Sport Well-being Scale” is highly reliable and valid and can be applied to measure future recreational sports participants’ well-being. MDPI 2022-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9322518/ /pubmed/35886616 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148764 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pi, Lu-Luan Chang, Chia-Ming Lin, Hsi-Han Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale |
title | Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale |
title_full | Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale |
title_fullStr | Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale |
title_full_unstemmed | Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale |
title_short | Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale |
title_sort | development and validation of recreational sport well-being scale |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9322518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35886616 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148764 |
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