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Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer (GC)—a common tumor that affects humans worldwide—is highly malignant with a poor prognosis. GC is frequently not diagnosed until a relatively advanced stage. Early detection and efficient monitoring of tumor dynamics are prerequisites for reducing disease burden and mortality. Minima...

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Autores principales: Jelski, Wojciech, Mroczko, Barbara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9322632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35886934
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147588
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author Jelski, Wojciech
Mroczko, Barbara
author_facet Jelski, Wojciech
Mroczko, Barbara
author_sort Jelski, Wojciech
collection PubMed
description Gastric cancer (GC)—a common tumor that affects humans worldwide—is highly malignant with a poor prognosis. GC is frequently not diagnosed until a relatively advanced stage. Early detection and efficient monitoring of tumor dynamics are prerequisites for reducing disease burden and mortality. Minimally invasive methods are needed to establish a diagnosis or monitoring the response to treatment of gastric cancer. Blood-based biomarker assays for the detection of early-stage GC could be of great relevance both for the risk group or for population-wide based screening programs, The currently used tumor marker assays for detecting GC are simple and rapid, but their use is limited by their low sensitivity and specificity. In recent years, several markers have been identified and tested for their clinical relevance in the management of gastric cancer. Here we review the available literature on plasma classical tumor markers, circulating free microRNAs (cfmiRNAs), circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens (TAAs), and circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) for diagnosis and monitoring of gastric cancer. This review summarizes the present status and approaches for these biomarkers, which could be potentially used for early diagnosis and accurate prediction of therapeutic approaches. We also discuss the future perspective and challenges in the search for new biomarkers of gastric cancer.
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spelling pubmed-93226322022-07-27 Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers of Gastric Cancer Jelski, Wojciech Mroczko, Barbara Int J Mol Sci Review Gastric cancer (GC)—a common tumor that affects humans worldwide—is highly malignant with a poor prognosis. GC is frequently not diagnosed until a relatively advanced stage. Early detection and efficient monitoring of tumor dynamics are prerequisites for reducing disease burden and mortality. Minimally invasive methods are needed to establish a diagnosis or monitoring the response to treatment of gastric cancer. Blood-based biomarker assays for the detection of early-stage GC could be of great relevance both for the risk group or for population-wide based screening programs, The currently used tumor marker assays for detecting GC are simple and rapid, but their use is limited by their low sensitivity and specificity. In recent years, several markers have been identified and tested for their clinical relevance in the management of gastric cancer. Here we review the available literature on plasma classical tumor markers, circulating free microRNAs (cfmiRNAs), circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens (TAAs), and circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) for diagnosis and monitoring of gastric cancer. This review summarizes the present status and approaches for these biomarkers, which could be potentially used for early diagnosis and accurate prediction of therapeutic approaches. We also discuss the future perspective and challenges in the search for new biomarkers of gastric cancer. MDPI 2022-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9322632/ /pubmed/35886934 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147588 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Jelski, Wojciech
Mroczko, Barbara
Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers of Gastric Cancer
title Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers of Gastric Cancer
title_full Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers of Gastric Cancer
title_fullStr Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers of Gastric Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers of Gastric Cancer
title_short Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers of Gastric Cancer
title_sort molecular and circulating biomarkers of gastric cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9322632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35886934
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147588
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