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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions
Neutrophil granulocytes are a central component of the innate immune system. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention due to newly discovered biological effector functions and their involvement in various pathological conditions. They have been shown to trigger mechanisms that can ei...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9323717/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35885618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071715 |
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author | Pfister, Heiko |
author_facet | Pfister, Heiko |
author_sort | Pfister, Heiko |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neutrophil granulocytes are a central component of the innate immune system. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention due to newly discovered biological effector functions and their involvement in various pathological conditions. They have been shown to trigger mechanisms that can either promote or inhibit the development of autoimmunity, thrombosis, and cancer. One mechanism for their modulatory effect is the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), that trigger appropriate signaling pathways in immune cells and other target cells. In addition, activated neutrophils can release bactericidal DNA fibers decorated with proteins from neutrophil granules (neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs). While NETs are very effective in limiting pathogens, they can also cause severe damage if released in excess or cleared inefficiently. Since NETs and EVs share a variety of neutrophil molecules and initially act in the same microenvironment, differential biochemical and functional analysis is particularly challenging. This review focuses on the biochemical and functional parallels and the extent to which the overlapping spectrum of effector molecules has an impact on biological and pathological effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9323717 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93237172022-07-27 Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions Pfister, Heiko Diagnostics (Basel) Review Neutrophil granulocytes are a central component of the innate immune system. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention due to newly discovered biological effector functions and their involvement in various pathological conditions. They have been shown to trigger mechanisms that can either promote or inhibit the development of autoimmunity, thrombosis, and cancer. One mechanism for their modulatory effect is the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), that trigger appropriate signaling pathways in immune cells and other target cells. In addition, activated neutrophils can release bactericidal DNA fibers decorated with proteins from neutrophil granules (neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs). While NETs are very effective in limiting pathogens, they can also cause severe damage if released in excess or cleared inefficiently. Since NETs and EVs share a variety of neutrophil molecules and initially act in the same microenvironment, differential biochemical and functional analysis is particularly challenging. This review focuses on the biochemical and functional parallels and the extent to which the overlapping spectrum of effector molecules has an impact on biological and pathological effects. MDPI 2022-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9323717/ /pubmed/35885618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071715 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Pfister, Heiko Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
title | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
title_full | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
title_fullStr | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
title_full_unstemmed | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
title_short | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
title_sort | neutrophil extracellular traps and neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles: common players in neutrophil effector functions |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9323717/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35885618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071715 |
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