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The Impact of Early Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for HIV on the Sensitivity of the Latest Generation of Blood Screening and Point of Care Assays

Introduction: Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in early HIV infection is important to limit seeding of the viral reservoir. A number of studies have shown that if ART is commenced prior to seroconversion, the seroconversion may, or may not, occur. We aimed to assess whether serorever...

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Autores principales: Vermeulen, Marion, van Schalkwyk, Cari, Jacobs, Genevieve, van den Berg, Karin, Stone, Mars, Bakkour, Sonia, Custer, Brian, Jentsch, Ute, Busch, Michael P., Murphy, Edward, Grebe, Eduard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9324335/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35891406
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071426
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author Vermeulen, Marion
van Schalkwyk, Cari
Jacobs, Genevieve
van den Berg, Karin
Stone, Mars
Bakkour, Sonia
Custer, Brian
Jentsch, Ute
Busch, Michael P.
Murphy, Edward
Grebe, Eduard
author_facet Vermeulen, Marion
van Schalkwyk, Cari
Jacobs, Genevieve
van den Berg, Karin
Stone, Mars
Bakkour, Sonia
Custer, Brian
Jentsch, Ute
Busch, Michael P.
Murphy, Edward
Grebe, Eduard
author_sort Vermeulen, Marion
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in early HIV infection is important to limit seeding of the viral reservoir. A number of studies have shown that if ART is commenced prior to seroconversion, the seroconversion may, or may not, occur. We aimed to assess whether seroreversion or no seroconversion occurs using samples collected during an early treatment study in South Africa. Methods: We tested 10 longitudinal samples collected over three years from 70 blood donors who initiated ART after detection of acute or early HIV infection during donation screening on fourth- and fifth-generation HIV antibody and RNA assays, and three point of care (POC) rapid tests. Donors were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) very early, (2) early, and (3) later. Longitudinal samples were grouped into time bins post-treatment initiation. Results: On all three high-throughput HIV antibody assays, no clear pattern of declining signal intensity was observed over time after ART initiation in any of the treatment initiation groups and 100% detection was obtained. The Abbott Determine POC assay showed 100% detection at all time points with no seroreversion. However, the Abbott ABON HIV1 and OraSure OraQuick POC assays showed lower proportions of detection in all time bins in the very early treated group, ranging from 50.0% (95% CI: 26.8–73.2%) to 83.1% (95% CI: 64.2–93.0%), and moderate detection rates in the early and later-treated groups. Conclusion: While our findings are generally reassuring for HIV detection when high-throughput serological screening assays are used, POC assays may have lower sensitivity for detection of HIV infection after early treatment. Findings are relevant for blood safety and other settings where POC assays are used.
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spelling pubmed-93243352022-07-27 The Impact of Early Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for HIV on the Sensitivity of the Latest Generation of Blood Screening and Point of Care Assays Vermeulen, Marion van Schalkwyk, Cari Jacobs, Genevieve van den Berg, Karin Stone, Mars Bakkour, Sonia Custer, Brian Jentsch, Ute Busch, Michael P. Murphy, Edward Grebe, Eduard Viruses Article Introduction: Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in early HIV infection is important to limit seeding of the viral reservoir. A number of studies have shown that if ART is commenced prior to seroconversion, the seroconversion may, or may not, occur. We aimed to assess whether seroreversion or no seroconversion occurs using samples collected during an early treatment study in South Africa. Methods: We tested 10 longitudinal samples collected over three years from 70 blood donors who initiated ART after detection of acute or early HIV infection during donation screening on fourth- and fifth-generation HIV antibody and RNA assays, and three point of care (POC) rapid tests. Donors were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) very early, (2) early, and (3) later. Longitudinal samples were grouped into time bins post-treatment initiation. Results: On all three high-throughput HIV antibody assays, no clear pattern of declining signal intensity was observed over time after ART initiation in any of the treatment initiation groups and 100% detection was obtained. The Abbott Determine POC assay showed 100% detection at all time points with no seroreversion. However, the Abbott ABON HIV1 and OraSure OraQuick POC assays showed lower proportions of detection in all time bins in the very early treated group, ranging from 50.0% (95% CI: 26.8–73.2%) to 83.1% (95% CI: 64.2–93.0%), and moderate detection rates in the early and later-treated groups. Conclusion: While our findings are generally reassuring for HIV detection when high-throughput serological screening assays are used, POC assays may have lower sensitivity for detection of HIV infection after early treatment. Findings are relevant for blood safety and other settings where POC assays are used. MDPI 2022-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9324335/ /pubmed/35891406 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071426 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Vermeulen, Marion
van Schalkwyk, Cari
Jacobs, Genevieve
van den Berg, Karin
Stone, Mars
Bakkour, Sonia
Custer, Brian
Jentsch, Ute
Busch, Michael P.
Murphy, Edward
Grebe, Eduard
The Impact of Early Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for HIV on the Sensitivity of the Latest Generation of Blood Screening and Point of Care Assays
title The Impact of Early Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for HIV on the Sensitivity of the Latest Generation of Blood Screening and Point of Care Assays
title_full The Impact of Early Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for HIV on the Sensitivity of the Latest Generation of Blood Screening and Point of Care Assays
title_fullStr The Impact of Early Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for HIV on the Sensitivity of the Latest Generation of Blood Screening and Point of Care Assays
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Early Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for HIV on the Sensitivity of the Latest Generation of Blood Screening and Point of Care Assays
title_short The Impact of Early Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for HIV on the Sensitivity of the Latest Generation of Blood Screening and Point of Care Assays
title_sort impact of early antiretroviral treatment (art) for hiv on the sensitivity of the latest generation of blood screening and point of care assays
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9324335/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35891406
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071426
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