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Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Brucellosis in Light of Chronic Bacterial Diseases

Brucellosis is considered one of the major zoonoses worldwide, constituting a critical livestock and human health concern with a huge socio-economic burden. Brucella genus, its etiologic agent, is composed of intracellular bacteria that have evolved a prodigious ability to elude and shape host immun...

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Autores principales: Pellegrini, Joaquin Miguel, Gorvel, Jean-Pierre, Mémet, Sylvie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9324529/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35888979
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071260
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author Pellegrini, Joaquin Miguel
Gorvel, Jean-Pierre
Mémet, Sylvie
author_facet Pellegrini, Joaquin Miguel
Gorvel, Jean-Pierre
Mémet, Sylvie
author_sort Pellegrini, Joaquin Miguel
collection PubMed
description Brucellosis is considered one of the major zoonoses worldwide, constituting a critical livestock and human health concern with a huge socio-economic burden. Brucella genus, its etiologic agent, is composed of intracellular bacteria that have evolved a prodigious ability to elude and shape host immunity to establish chronic infection. Brucella’s intracellular lifestyle and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as its specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are key factors for hiding and hampering recognition by the immune system. Here, we will review the current knowledge of evading and immunosuppressive mechanisms elicited by Brucella species to persist stealthily in their hosts, such as those triggered by their LPS and cyclic β-1,2-d-glucan or involved in neutrophil and monocyte avoidance, antigen presentation impairment, the modulation of T cell responses and immunometabolism. Attractive strategies exploited by other successful chronic pathogenic bacteria, including Mycobacteria, Salmonella, and Chlamydia, will be also discussed, with a special emphasis on the mechanisms operating in brucellosis, such as granuloma formation, pyroptosis, and manipulation of type I and III IFNs, B cells, innate lymphoid cells, and host lipids. A better understanding of these stratagems is essential to fighting bacterial chronic infections and designing innovative treatments and vaccines.
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spelling pubmed-93245292022-07-27 Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Brucellosis in Light of Chronic Bacterial Diseases Pellegrini, Joaquin Miguel Gorvel, Jean-Pierre Mémet, Sylvie Microorganisms Review Brucellosis is considered one of the major zoonoses worldwide, constituting a critical livestock and human health concern with a huge socio-economic burden. Brucella genus, its etiologic agent, is composed of intracellular bacteria that have evolved a prodigious ability to elude and shape host immunity to establish chronic infection. Brucella’s intracellular lifestyle and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as its specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are key factors for hiding and hampering recognition by the immune system. Here, we will review the current knowledge of evading and immunosuppressive mechanisms elicited by Brucella species to persist stealthily in their hosts, such as those triggered by their LPS and cyclic β-1,2-d-glucan or involved in neutrophil and monocyte avoidance, antigen presentation impairment, the modulation of T cell responses and immunometabolism. Attractive strategies exploited by other successful chronic pathogenic bacteria, including Mycobacteria, Salmonella, and Chlamydia, will be also discussed, with a special emphasis on the mechanisms operating in brucellosis, such as granuloma formation, pyroptosis, and manipulation of type I and III IFNs, B cells, innate lymphoid cells, and host lipids. A better understanding of these stratagems is essential to fighting bacterial chronic infections and designing innovative treatments and vaccines. MDPI 2022-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9324529/ /pubmed/35888979 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071260 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Pellegrini, Joaquin Miguel
Gorvel, Jean-Pierre
Mémet, Sylvie
Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Brucellosis in Light of Chronic Bacterial Diseases
title Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Brucellosis in Light of Chronic Bacterial Diseases
title_full Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Brucellosis in Light of Chronic Bacterial Diseases
title_fullStr Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Brucellosis in Light of Chronic Bacterial Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Brucellosis in Light of Chronic Bacterial Diseases
title_short Immunosuppressive Mechanisms in Brucellosis in Light of Chronic Bacterial Diseases
title_sort immunosuppressive mechanisms in brucellosis in light of chronic bacterial diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9324529/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35888979
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071260
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