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Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA

Glaciers have recently been recognized as a secondary source of organic pollutants. As glacier melt rates increase, downstream ecosystems are at increasing risk of exposure to these pollutants. Nonylphenols (NPs) are well‐documented anthropogenic persistent pollutants whose environmental prevalence...

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Autores principales: Lyons, Rebecca, Weatherly, Shaun, Waters, Jason, Bentley, Jim
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9324835/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35404492
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5343
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author Lyons, Rebecca
Weatherly, Shaun
Waters, Jason
Bentley, Jim
author_facet Lyons, Rebecca
Weatherly, Shaun
Waters, Jason
Bentley, Jim
author_sort Lyons, Rebecca
collection PubMed
description Glaciers have recently been recognized as a secondary source of organic pollutants. As glacier melt rates increase, downstream ecosystems are at increasing risk of exposure to these pollutants. Nonylphenols (NPs) are well‐documented anthropogenic persistent pollutants whose environmental prevalence and ecotoxicity make them of immediate concern to the health of humans and wildlife populations. As glacier melt increases, transport of NPs to downstream environments will also increase. Snow, ice, meltwater, and till for five glaciers in the Chugach National Forest and Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, USA, were investigated for the presence of 4‐nonylphenol (4NP). Average concentrations for snow, ice, meltwater, and glacial till were 0.77 ± .017 µg/L snow water, 0.75 ± .006 µg/L, 0.26 ± .053 µg/L, and 0.016 ± .004 µg/g, respectively. All samples showed the presence of 4NP. Deposition of 4NP downstream from glaciers will depend more on the ionic strength of the water than organic carbon to drive partitioning and deposition. Laboratory studies of partition coefficients showed that ionic strength contributed 59% of the driving force behind partitioning, while organic carbon contributed 36%. Evidence was found for interaction between organic carbon and the aqueous phase. The 4NP Setschenow constants (K (s)) were determined for particle types with varying percentages of organic carbon. Values of K (s) increased with the percentage of organic carbon. These relationships will shape further studies of 4NP deposition into the environment downstream of glacier outflow. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1623–1636. © The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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spelling pubmed-93248352022-07-30 Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA Lyons, Rebecca Weatherly, Shaun Waters, Jason Bentley, Jim Environ Toxicol Chem Environmental Chemistry Glaciers have recently been recognized as a secondary source of organic pollutants. As glacier melt rates increase, downstream ecosystems are at increasing risk of exposure to these pollutants. Nonylphenols (NPs) are well‐documented anthropogenic persistent pollutants whose environmental prevalence and ecotoxicity make them of immediate concern to the health of humans and wildlife populations. As glacier melt increases, transport of NPs to downstream environments will also increase. Snow, ice, meltwater, and till for five glaciers in the Chugach National Forest and Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, USA, were investigated for the presence of 4‐nonylphenol (4NP). Average concentrations for snow, ice, meltwater, and glacial till were 0.77 ± .017 µg/L snow water, 0.75 ± .006 µg/L, 0.26 ± .053 µg/L, and 0.016 ± .004 µg/g, respectively. All samples showed the presence of 4NP. Deposition of 4NP downstream from glaciers will depend more on the ionic strength of the water than organic carbon to drive partitioning and deposition. Laboratory studies of partition coefficients showed that ionic strength contributed 59% of the driving force behind partitioning, while organic carbon contributed 36%. Evidence was found for interaction between organic carbon and the aqueous phase. The 4NP Setschenow constants (K (s)) were determined for particle types with varying percentages of organic carbon. Values of K (s) increased with the percentage of organic carbon. These relationships will shape further studies of 4NP deposition into the environment downstream of glacier outflow. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1623–1636. © The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-05-17 2022-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9324835/ /pubmed/35404492 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5343 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Environmental Chemistry
Lyons, Rebecca
Weatherly, Shaun
Waters, Jason
Bentley, Jim
Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA
title Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA
title_full Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA
title_fullStr Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA
title_full_unstemmed Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA
title_short Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier‐Released 4‐Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA
title_sort thermodynamics affecting glacier‐released 4‐nonylphenol deposition in alaska, usa
topic Environmental Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9324835/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35404492
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5343
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