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Cryptococcus neoformans Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a disease with poor patient outcomes, remains the most prevalent invasive fungal infection worldwide, accounting for approximately 180,000 deaths each year. In several areas of sub-Saharan Africa with the highest HIV prevalence, cryptococcal meningitis is the leadin...

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Autores principales: Kassaza, Kennedy, Wasswa, Fredrickson, Nielsen, Kirsten, Bazira, Joel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9325144/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35887489
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8070734
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author Kassaza, Kennedy
Wasswa, Fredrickson
Nielsen, Kirsten
Bazira, Joel
author_facet Kassaza, Kennedy
Wasswa, Fredrickson
Nielsen, Kirsten
Bazira, Joel
author_sort Kassaza, Kennedy
collection PubMed
description Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a disease with poor patient outcomes, remains the most prevalent invasive fungal infection worldwide, accounting for approximately 180,000 deaths each year. In several areas of sub-Saharan Africa with the highest HIV prevalence, cryptococcal meningitis is the leading cause of community-acquired meningitis, with a high mortality among HIV-infected individuals. Recent studies show that patient disease outcomes are impacted by the genetics of the infecting isolate. Yet, there is still limited knowledge of how these genotypic variations contribute to clinical disease outcome. Further, it is unclear how the genetic heterogeneity of C. neoformans and the extensive phenotypic variation observed between and within isolates affects infection and disease. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of how various genotypes impact disease progression and patient outcome in HIV-positive populations in sub-Saharan African, a setting with a high burden of cryptococcosis.
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spelling pubmed-93251442022-07-27 Cryptococcus neoformans Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa Kassaza, Kennedy Wasswa, Fredrickson Nielsen, Kirsten Bazira, Joel J Fungi (Basel) Review Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a disease with poor patient outcomes, remains the most prevalent invasive fungal infection worldwide, accounting for approximately 180,000 deaths each year. In several areas of sub-Saharan Africa with the highest HIV prevalence, cryptococcal meningitis is the leading cause of community-acquired meningitis, with a high mortality among HIV-infected individuals. Recent studies show that patient disease outcomes are impacted by the genetics of the infecting isolate. Yet, there is still limited knowledge of how these genotypic variations contribute to clinical disease outcome. Further, it is unclear how the genetic heterogeneity of C. neoformans and the extensive phenotypic variation observed between and within isolates affects infection and disease. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of how various genotypes impact disease progression and patient outcome in HIV-positive populations in sub-Saharan African, a setting with a high burden of cryptococcosis. MDPI 2022-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9325144/ /pubmed/35887489 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8070734 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kassaza, Kennedy
Wasswa, Fredrickson
Nielsen, Kirsten
Bazira, Joel
Cryptococcus neoformans Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa
title Cryptococcus neoformans Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa
title_full Cryptococcus neoformans Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa
title_fullStr Cryptococcus neoformans Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa
title_full_unstemmed Cryptococcus neoformans Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa
title_short Cryptococcus neoformans Genotypic Diversity and Disease Outcome among HIV Patients in Africa
title_sort cryptococcus neoformans genotypic diversity and disease outcome among hiv patients in africa
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9325144/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35887489
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8070734
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