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Coronaviral Infection and Interferon Response: The Virus-Host Arms Race and COVID-19

The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in unprecedented morbidity and mortality worldwide. The host cells use a number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for early detection of coronavirus infection, and timely interferon secretio...

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Autores principales: Liu, Qi, Chi, Sensen, Dmytruk, Kostyantyn, Dmytruk, Olena, Tan, Shuai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9325157/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35891331
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071349
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author Liu, Qi
Chi, Sensen
Dmytruk, Kostyantyn
Dmytruk, Olena
Tan, Shuai
author_facet Liu, Qi
Chi, Sensen
Dmytruk, Kostyantyn
Dmytruk, Olena
Tan, Shuai
author_sort Liu, Qi
collection PubMed
description The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in unprecedented morbidity and mortality worldwide. The host cells use a number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for early detection of coronavirus infection, and timely interferon secretion is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the virus has developed many strategies to delay interferon secretion and disarm cellular defense by intervening in interferon-associated signaling pathways on multiple levels. As a result, some COVID-19 patients suffered dramatic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while another part of the population showed only mild or no symptoms. One hypothesis suggests that functional differences in innate immune integrity could be the key to such variability. This review tries to decipher possible interactions between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and human antiviral interferon sensors. We found that SARS-CoV-2 actively interacts with PRR sensors and antiviral pathways by avoiding interferon suppression, which could result in severe COVID-19 pathogenesis. Finally, we summarize data on available antiviral pharmaceutical options that have shown potential to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in recent clinical trials.
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spelling pubmed-93251572022-07-27 Coronaviral Infection and Interferon Response: The Virus-Host Arms Race and COVID-19 Liu, Qi Chi, Sensen Dmytruk, Kostyantyn Dmytruk, Olena Tan, Shuai Viruses Review The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in unprecedented morbidity and mortality worldwide. The host cells use a number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for early detection of coronavirus infection, and timely interferon secretion is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the virus has developed many strategies to delay interferon secretion and disarm cellular defense by intervening in interferon-associated signaling pathways on multiple levels. As a result, some COVID-19 patients suffered dramatic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while another part of the population showed only mild or no symptoms. One hypothesis suggests that functional differences in innate immune integrity could be the key to such variability. This review tries to decipher possible interactions between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and human antiviral interferon sensors. We found that SARS-CoV-2 actively interacts with PRR sensors and antiviral pathways by avoiding interferon suppression, which could result in severe COVID-19 pathogenesis. Finally, we summarize data on available antiviral pharmaceutical options that have shown potential to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in recent clinical trials. MDPI 2022-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9325157/ /pubmed/35891331 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071349 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Liu, Qi
Chi, Sensen
Dmytruk, Kostyantyn
Dmytruk, Olena
Tan, Shuai
Coronaviral Infection and Interferon Response: The Virus-Host Arms Race and COVID-19
title Coronaviral Infection and Interferon Response: The Virus-Host Arms Race and COVID-19
title_full Coronaviral Infection and Interferon Response: The Virus-Host Arms Race and COVID-19
title_fullStr Coronaviral Infection and Interferon Response: The Virus-Host Arms Race and COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed Coronaviral Infection and Interferon Response: The Virus-Host Arms Race and COVID-19
title_short Coronaviral Infection and Interferon Response: The Virus-Host Arms Race and COVID-19
title_sort coronaviral infection and interferon response: the virus-host arms race and covid-19
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9325157/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35891331
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071349
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