Acute Hepatitis A-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is little known. Previous case reports suggest that several viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A, can trigger AIH. Patient: A 55-year-old female showed general weakness and jaundice. The patient was diagnosed with acute hepatitis A and discharged after 14 days of hospitalization with improving liver function. However, blood tests performed 6 days after discharge revealed an increase in liver enzymes and high serum titers of an anti-nuclear antibody and immunoglobulin G. She was readmitted for liver biopsy. Diagnosis: Liver biopsy showed acute hepatitis A along with AIH. According to the revised international autoimmune hepatitis group scoring system, her score was 14 and she was diagnosed as AIH induced by acute hepatitis A. Intervention: Conservative treatments with crystalloid (Lactated Ringer’s Solution), ursodeoxycholic acid, and silymarin were administered. Outcomes: The patient has been followed up on an outpatient basis and neither symptom recurrence nor an increase in liver enzymes has been reported thus far. Lessons: After the treatment of acute hepatitis A, liver function needs to be carefully monitored over time, and the possibility of autoimmune hepatitis should be considered when liver enzymes increases.