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Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development

In humans, the placenta provides the only fetomaternal connection and is essential for establishing a pregnancy as well as fetal well-being. Additionally, it allows maternal physiological adaptation and embryonic immunological acceptance, support, and nutrition. The placenta is derived from extra-em...

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Autores principales: Kojima, Junya, Ono, Masanori, Kuji, Naoaki, Nishi, Hirotaka
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9325306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35887349
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148003
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author Kojima, Junya
Ono, Masanori
Kuji, Naoaki
Nishi, Hirotaka
author_facet Kojima, Junya
Ono, Masanori
Kuji, Naoaki
Nishi, Hirotaka
author_sort Kojima, Junya
collection PubMed
description In humans, the placenta provides the only fetomaternal connection and is essential for establishing a pregnancy as well as fetal well-being. Additionally, it allows maternal physiological adaptation and embryonic immunological acceptance, support, and nutrition. The placenta is derived from extra-embryonic tissues that develop rapidly and dynamically in the first weeks of pregnancy. It is primarily composed of trophoblasts that differentiate into villi, stromal cells, macrophages, and fetal endothelial cells (FEC). Placental differentiation may be closely related to perinatal diseases, including fetal growth retardation (FGR) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and miscarriage. There are limited findings regarding human chorionic villous differentiation and placental development because conducting in vivo studies is extremely difficult. Placental tissue varies widely among species. Thus, experimental animal findings are difficult to apply to humans. Early villous differentiation is difficult to study due to the small tissue size; however, a detailed analysis can potentially elucidate perinatal disease causes or help develop novel therapies. Artificial induction of early villous differentiation using human embryonic stem (ES) cells/induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was attempted, producing normally differentiated villi that can be used for interventional/invasive research. Here, we summarized and correlated early villous differentiation findings and discussed clinical diseases.
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spelling pubmed-93253062022-07-27 Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development Kojima, Junya Ono, Masanori Kuji, Naoaki Nishi, Hirotaka Int J Mol Sci Review In humans, the placenta provides the only fetomaternal connection and is essential for establishing a pregnancy as well as fetal well-being. Additionally, it allows maternal physiological adaptation and embryonic immunological acceptance, support, and nutrition. The placenta is derived from extra-embryonic tissues that develop rapidly and dynamically in the first weeks of pregnancy. It is primarily composed of trophoblasts that differentiate into villi, stromal cells, macrophages, and fetal endothelial cells (FEC). Placental differentiation may be closely related to perinatal diseases, including fetal growth retardation (FGR) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and miscarriage. There are limited findings regarding human chorionic villous differentiation and placental development because conducting in vivo studies is extremely difficult. Placental tissue varies widely among species. Thus, experimental animal findings are difficult to apply to humans. Early villous differentiation is difficult to study due to the small tissue size; however, a detailed analysis can potentially elucidate perinatal disease causes or help develop novel therapies. Artificial induction of early villous differentiation using human embryonic stem (ES) cells/induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was attempted, producing normally differentiated villi that can be used for interventional/invasive research. Here, we summarized and correlated early villous differentiation findings and discussed clinical diseases. MDPI 2022-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9325306/ /pubmed/35887349 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148003 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kojima, Junya
Ono, Masanori
Kuji, Naoaki
Nishi, Hirotaka
Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development
title Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development
title_full Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development
title_fullStr Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development
title_full_unstemmed Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development
title_short Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development
title_sort human chorionic villous differentiation and placental development
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9325306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35887349
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148003
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