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Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development
In humans, the placenta provides the only fetomaternal connection and is essential for establishing a pregnancy as well as fetal well-being. Additionally, it allows maternal physiological adaptation and embryonic immunological acceptance, support, and nutrition. The placenta is derived from extra-em...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9325306/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35887349 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148003 |
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author | Kojima, Junya Ono, Masanori Kuji, Naoaki Nishi, Hirotaka |
author_facet | Kojima, Junya Ono, Masanori Kuji, Naoaki Nishi, Hirotaka |
author_sort | Kojima, Junya |
collection | PubMed |
description | In humans, the placenta provides the only fetomaternal connection and is essential for establishing a pregnancy as well as fetal well-being. Additionally, it allows maternal physiological adaptation and embryonic immunological acceptance, support, and nutrition. The placenta is derived from extra-embryonic tissues that develop rapidly and dynamically in the first weeks of pregnancy. It is primarily composed of trophoblasts that differentiate into villi, stromal cells, macrophages, and fetal endothelial cells (FEC). Placental differentiation may be closely related to perinatal diseases, including fetal growth retardation (FGR) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and miscarriage. There are limited findings regarding human chorionic villous differentiation and placental development because conducting in vivo studies is extremely difficult. Placental tissue varies widely among species. Thus, experimental animal findings are difficult to apply to humans. Early villous differentiation is difficult to study due to the small tissue size; however, a detailed analysis can potentially elucidate perinatal disease causes or help develop novel therapies. Artificial induction of early villous differentiation using human embryonic stem (ES) cells/induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was attempted, producing normally differentiated villi that can be used for interventional/invasive research. Here, we summarized and correlated early villous differentiation findings and discussed clinical diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9325306 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93253062022-07-27 Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development Kojima, Junya Ono, Masanori Kuji, Naoaki Nishi, Hirotaka Int J Mol Sci Review In humans, the placenta provides the only fetomaternal connection and is essential for establishing a pregnancy as well as fetal well-being. Additionally, it allows maternal physiological adaptation and embryonic immunological acceptance, support, and nutrition. The placenta is derived from extra-embryonic tissues that develop rapidly and dynamically in the first weeks of pregnancy. It is primarily composed of trophoblasts that differentiate into villi, stromal cells, macrophages, and fetal endothelial cells (FEC). Placental differentiation may be closely related to perinatal diseases, including fetal growth retardation (FGR) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and miscarriage. There are limited findings regarding human chorionic villous differentiation and placental development because conducting in vivo studies is extremely difficult. Placental tissue varies widely among species. Thus, experimental animal findings are difficult to apply to humans. Early villous differentiation is difficult to study due to the small tissue size; however, a detailed analysis can potentially elucidate perinatal disease causes or help develop novel therapies. Artificial induction of early villous differentiation using human embryonic stem (ES) cells/induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was attempted, producing normally differentiated villi that can be used for interventional/invasive research. Here, we summarized and correlated early villous differentiation findings and discussed clinical diseases. MDPI 2022-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9325306/ /pubmed/35887349 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148003 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kojima, Junya Ono, Masanori Kuji, Naoaki Nishi, Hirotaka Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development |
title | Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development |
title_full | Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development |
title_fullStr | Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development |
title_full_unstemmed | Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development |
title_short | Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development |
title_sort | human chorionic villous differentiation and placental development |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9325306/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35887349 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148003 |
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