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Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Kidney Transplantation Rejection

Renal transplantation is currently the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease, enabling a quality of life superior to dialysis. Despite this, all transplanted patients are at risk of allograft rejection processes. The gold-standard diagnosis of graft rejection, based on histological analys...

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Autores principales: Ramalhete, Luís M., Araújo, Rúben, Ferreira, Aníbal, Calado, Cecília R. C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9326686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893765
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10030024
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author Ramalhete, Luís M.
Araújo, Rúben
Ferreira, Aníbal
Calado, Cecília R. C.
author_facet Ramalhete, Luís M.
Araújo, Rúben
Ferreira, Aníbal
Calado, Cecília R. C.
author_sort Ramalhete, Luís M.
collection PubMed
description Renal transplantation is currently the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease, enabling a quality of life superior to dialysis. Despite this, all transplanted patients are at risk of allograft rejection processes. The gold-standard diagnosis of graft rejection, based on histological analysis of kidney biopsy, is prone to sampling errors and carries high costs and risks associated with such invasive procedures. Furthermore, the routine clinical monitoring, based on urine volume, proteinuria, and serum creatinine, usually only detects alterations after graft histologic damage and does not differentiate between the diverse etiologies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new biomarkers enabling to predict, with high sensitivity and specificity, the rejection processes and the underlying mechanisms obtained from minimally invasive procedures to be implemented in routine clinical surveillance. These new biomarkers should also detect the rejection processes as early as possible, ideally before the 78 clinical outputs, while enabling balanced immunotherapy in order to minimize rejections and reducing the high toxicities associated with these drugs. Proteomics of biofluids, collected through non-invasive or minimally invasive analysis, e.g., blood or urine, present inherent characteristics that may provide biomarker candidates. The current manuscript reviews biofluids proteomics toward biomarkers discovery that specifically identify subclinical, acute, and chronic immune rejection processes while allowing for the discrimination between cell-mediated or antibody-mediated processes. In time, these biomarkers will lead to patient risk stratification, monitoring, and personalized and more efficient immunotherapies toward higher graft survival and patient quality of life.
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spelling pubmed-93266862022-07-28 Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Kidney Transplantation Rejection Ramalhete, Luís M. Araújo, Rúben Ferreira, Aníbal Calado, Cecília R. C. Proteomes Review Renal transplantation is currently the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease, enabling a quality of life superior to dialysis. Despite this, all transplanted patients are at risk of allograft rejection processes. The gold-standard diagnosis of graft rejection, based on histological analysis of kidney biopsy, is prone to sampling errors and carries high costs and risks associated with such invasive procedures. Furthermore, the routine clinical monitoring, based on urine volume, proteinuria, and serum creatinine, usually only detects alterations after graft histologic damage and does not differentiate between the diverse etiologies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new biomarkers enabling to predict, with high sensitivity and specificity, the rejection processes and the underlying mechanisms obtained from minimally invasive procedures to be implemented in routine clinical surveillance. These new biomarkers should also detect the rejection processes as early as possible, ideally before the 78 clinical outputs, while enabling balanced immunotherapy in order to minimize rejections and reducing the high toxicities associated with these drugs. Proteomics of biofluids, collected through non-invasive or minimally invasive analysis, e.g., blood or urine, present inherent characteristics that may provide biomarker candidates. The current manuscript reviews biofluids proteomics toward biomarkers discovery that specifically identify subclinical, acute, and chronic immune rejection processes while allowing for the discrimination between cell-mediated or antibody-mediated processes. In time, these biomarkers will lead to patient risk stratification, monitoring, and personalized and more efficient immunotherapies toward higher graft survival and patient quality of life. MDPI 2022-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9326686/ /pubmed/35893765 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10030024 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ramalhete, Luís M.
Araújo, Rúben
Ferreira, Aníbal
Calado, Cecília R. C.
Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Kidney Transplantation Rejection
title Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Kidney Transplantation Rejection
title_full Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Kidney Transplantation Rejection
title_fullStr Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Kidney Transplantation Rejection
title_full_unstemmed Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Kidney Transplantation Rejection
title_short Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Kidney Transplantation Rejection
title_sort proteomics for biomarker discovery for diagnosis and prognosis of kidney transplantation rejection
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9326686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893765
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10030024
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