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Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target

Though basophils were originally viewed as redundant blood ‘mast cells’, the implementation of flow cytometry has established basophils as unique leukocytes with critical immunomodulatory functions. Basophils play an active role in allergic inflammation, autoimmunity, and hematological malignancies....

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Autores principales: Shah, Hemali, Eisenbarth, Stephanie, Tormey, Christopher A, Siddon, Alexa J
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9327101/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35919744
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/immadv/ltab008
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author Shah, Hemali
Eisenbarth, Stephanie
Tormey, Christopher A
Siddon, Alexa J
author_facet Shah, Hemali
Eisenbarth, Stephanie
Tormey, Christopher A
Siddon, Alexa J
author_sort Shah, Hemali
collection PubMed
description Though basophils were originally viewed as redundant blood ‘mast cells’, the implementation of flow cytometry has established basophils as unique leukocytes with critical immunomodulatory functions. Basophils play an active role in allergic inflammation, autoimmunity, and hematological malignancies. They are distinguishable from other leukocytes by their characteristic metachromatic deep-purple cytoplasmic, round granules. Mature basophils are phenotypically characterized by surface expression of IL-3Rα (CD123); IL-3 drives basophil differentiation, degranulation, and synthesis of inflammatory mediators including type 2 cytokines. Basophil degranulation is the predominant source of histamine in peripheral blood, promoting allergic responses. Basophils serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity by secreting IL-4 which supports eosinophil migration, monocyte differentiation into macrophages, B-cell activation, and CD4 T-cell differentiation into Th2 cells. Further, basophilia is a key phenomenon in myeloid neoplasms, especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for which it is a diagnostic criterion. Increased circulating basophils, often with aberrant immunophenotype, have been detected in patients with CML and other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The significance of basophils’ immunoregulatory functions in malignant and non-malignant diseases is an active area of research. Ongoing and future research can inform the development of immunotherapies that target basophils to impact allergic, autoimmune, and malignant disease states. This review article aims to provide an overview of basophil biology, identification strategies, and roles and dysregulation in diseases.
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spelling pubmed-93271012022-08-01 Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target Shah, Hemali Eisenbarth, Stephanie Tormey, Christopher A Siddon, Alexa J Immunother Adv Immunotherapy of Asthma and Allergy Though basophils were originally viewed as redundant blood ‘mast cells’, the implementation of flow cytometry has established basophils as unique leukocytes with critical immunomodulatory functions. Basophils play an active role in allergic inflammation, autoimmunity, and hematological malignancies. They are distinguishable from other leukocytes by their characteristic metachromatic deep-purple cytoplasmic, round granules. Mature basophils are phenotypically characterized by surface expression of IL-3Rα (CD123); IL-3 drives basophil differentiation, degranulation, and synthesis of inflammatory mediators including type 2 cytokines. Basophil degranulation is the predominant source of histamine in peripheral blood, promoting allergic responses. Basophils serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity by secreting IL-4 which supports eosinophil migration, monocyte differentiation into macrophages, B-cell activation, and CD4 T-cell differentiation into Th2 cells. Further, basophilia is a key phenomenon in myeloid neoplasms, especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for which it is a diagnostic criterion. Increased circulating basophils, often with aberrant immunophenotype, have been detected in patients with CML and other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The significance of basophils’ immunoregulatory functions in malignant and non-malignant diseases is an active area of research. Ongoing and future research can inform the development of immunotherapies that target basophils to impact allergic, autoimmune, and malignant disease states. This review article aims to provide an overview of basophil biology, identification strategies, and roles and dysregulation in diseases. Oxford University Press 2021-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9327101/ /pubmed/35919744 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/immadv/ltab008 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Immunotherapy of Asthma and Allergy
Shah, Hemali
Eisenbarth, Stephanie
Tormey, Christopher A
Siddon, Alexa J
Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target
title Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target
title_full Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target
title_fullStr Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target
title_full_unstemmed Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target
title_short Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target
title_sort behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target
topic Immunotherapy of Asthma and Allergy
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9327101/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35919744
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/immadv/ltab008
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