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Effects of electronic cigarette liquid on monolayer and 3D tissue-engineered models of human gingival mucosa
BACKGROUND: There is limited data available on potential biological effects of E-cigarettes on human oral tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of E-cigarette liquid on the proliferation of normal and cancerous monolayer and 3D models of human oral mucosa and oral wound healing...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9327498/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35919485 http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/japid.2019.010 |
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author | Shaikh, Zahab N Alqahtani, Abdullah Almela, Thafar Franklin, Kirsty Tayebi, Lobat Moharamzadeh, Keyvan |
author_facet | Shaikh, Zahab N Alqahtani, Abdullah Almela, Thafar Franklin, Kirsty Tayebi, Lobat Moharamzadeh, Keyvan |
author_sort | Shaikh, Zahab N |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: There is limited data available on potential biological effects of E-cigarettes on human oral tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of E-cigarette liquid on the proliferation of normal and cancerous monolayer and 3D models of human oral mucosa and oral wound healing after short-term and medium-term exposure. METHODS: Normal human oral fibroblasts (NOF), immortalized OKF6-TERET-2 human oral keratinocytes, and cancerous TR146 keratinocyte monolayer cultures and 3D tissue engineered oral mucosal models were exposed to different concentrations (0.1%, 1%, 5% and 10%) of E-cigarette liquid (12 mg/ml nicotine) for 1 hour daily for three days and for 7 days. Tissue viability was monitored using the PrestoBlue assay. Wounds were also produced in the middle surface of the monolayer systems vertically using a disposable cell scraper. The alterations in the cell morphology and wound healing were visualized using light microscopy and histological examination. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed medium-term exposure of TR146 keratinocytes to 5% and 10% E-liquid concentrations significantly increased the viability of the cancer cells compared to the negative control. Short-term exposure of NOFs to 10% E-liquid significantly reduced the cell viability, whereas medium-term exposure to all E-liquid concentrations significantly reduced the NOF cells’ viability. OKF6 cells exhibited significantly lower viability following short-term and mediumterm exposure to all E-cigarette concentrations compared to the negative control. 3D oral mucosal model containing normal oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed significant reduction in tissue viability after exposure to 10% E-liquid, whereas medium-term exposure resulted in significantly lower viability in 5% and 10% concentration groups compared to the negative control. There was a statistically significant difference in wound healing times of both NOF and OKF6 cells after exposure to 1%, 5% and 10% E-cigarette liquid. CONCLUSION: Medium-term exposure to high concentrations of the E-cigarette liquid had cytotoxic effects on normal human oral fibroblasts and OKF6 keratinocytes, but a stimulatory cumulative effect on the growth of cancerous TR146 keratinocyte cells as assessed by the PrestoBlue assay and histological evaluation of 3D oral mucosal models. In addition, E-liquid exposure prolonged the wound healing of NOF and OKF6 oral mucosa cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9327498 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Tabriz University of Medical Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93274982022-08-01 Effects of electronic cigarette liquid on monolayer and 3D tissue-engineered models of human gingival mucosa Shaikh, Zahab N Alqahtani, Abdullah Almela, Thafar Franklin, Kirsty Tayebi, Lobat Moharamzadeh, Keyvan J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent Research Article BACKGROUND: There is limited data available on potential biological effects of E-cigarettes on human oral tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of E-cigarette liquid on the proliferation of normal and cancerous monolayer and 3D models of human oral mucosa and oral wound healing after short-term and medium-term exposure. METHODS: Normal human oral fibroblasts (NOF), immortalized OKF6-TERET-2 human oral keratinocytes, and cancerous TR146 keratinocyte monolayer cultures and 3D tissue engineered oral mucosal models were exposed to different concentrations (0.1%, 1%, 5% and 10%) of E-cigarette liquid (12 mg/ml nicotine) for 1 hour daily for three days and for 7 days. Tissue viability was monitored using the PrestoBlue assay. Wounds were also produced in the middle surface of the monolayer systems vertically using a disposable cell scraper. The alterations in the cell morphology and wound healing were visualized using light microscopy and histological examination. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed medium-term exposure of TR146 keratinocytes to 5% and 10% E-liquid concentrations significantly increased the viability of the cancer cells compared to the negative control. Short-term exposure of NOFs to 10% E-liquid significantly reduced the cell viability, whereas medium-term exposure to all E-liquid concentrations significantly reduced the NOF cells’ viability. OKF6 cells exhibited significantly lower viability following short-term and mediumterm exposure to all E-cigarette concentrations compared to the negative control. 3D oral mucosal model containing normal oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed significant reduction in tissue viability after exposure to 10% E-liquid, whereas medium-term exposure resulted in significantly lower viability in 5% and 10% concentration groups compared to the negative control. There was a statistically significant difference in wound healing times of both NOF and OKF6 cells after exposure to 1%, 5% and 10% E-cigarette liquid. CONCLUSION: Medium-term exposure to high concentrations of the E-cigarette liquid had cytotoxic effects on normal human oral fibroblasts and OKF6 keratinocytes, but a stimulatory cumulative effect on the growth of cancerous TR146 keratinocyte cells as assessed by the PrestoBlue assay and histological evaluation of 3D oral mucosal models. In addition, E-liquid exposure prolonged the wound healing of NOF and OKF6 oral mucosa cells. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2019-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9327498/ /pubmed/35919485 http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/japid.2019.010 Text en © 2019 The Author(s). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Shaikh, Zahab N Alqahtani, Abdullah Almela, Thafar Franklin, Kirsty Tayebi, Lobat Moharamzadeh, Keyvan Effects of electronic cigarette liquid on monolayer and 3D tissue-engineered models of human gingival mucosa |
title | Effects of electronic cigarette liquid on monolayer and 3D tissue-engineered models of human gingival mucosa |
title_full | Effects of electronic cigarette liquid on monolayer and 3D tissue-engineered models of human gingival mucosa |
title_fullStr | Effects of electronic cigarette liquid on monolayer and 3D tissue-engineered models of human gingival mucosa |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of electronic cigarette liquid on monolayer and 3D tissue-engineered models of human gingival mucosa |
title_short | Effects of electronic cigarette liquid on monolayer and 3D tissue-engineered models of human gingival mucosa |
title_sort | effects of electronic cigarette liquid on monolayer and 3d tissue-engineered models of human gingival mucosa |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9327498/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35919485 http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/japid.2019.010 |
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