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Social and community inclusion outcomes for adults with autism with and without intellectual disability in Australia

BACKGROUND: Research suggests that adults with autism tend to have poor outcomes. Outcomes have mostly been defined using summary outcome ratings, with less focus on specific outcomes such as employment, living situation, social satisfaction, loneliness, and friendships. This study aimed to explore...

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Autores principales: Cameron, L. A., Tonge, B. J., Howlin, P., Einfeld, S. L., Stancliffe, R. J., Gray, K. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9328353/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35677963
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12953
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author Cameron, L. A.
Tonge, B. J.
Howlin, P.
Einfeld, S. L.
Stancliffe, R. J.
Gray, K. M.
author_facet Cameron, L. A.
Tonge, B. J.
Howlin, P.
Einfeld, S. L.
Stancliffe, R. J.
Gray, K. M.
author_sort Cameron, L. A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Research suggests that adults with autism tend to have poor outcomes. Outcomes have mostly been defined using summary outcome ratings, with less focus on specific outcomes such as employment, living situation, social satisfaction, loneliness, and friendships. This study aimed to explore social and community outcomes, including employment, education, living arrangements, friendships, and social satisfaction, for autistic adults with and without intellectual disability. METHOD: Eighty‐four adults with autism (mean age 34.2 years, SD = 4.5; 67% with co‐occurring intellectual disability), recruited as children and adolescents, participated in the current study. Adult social and community inclusion outcomes were explored through interview and questionnaire, both parent/carer‐report and self‐report. RESULTS: Participants predominantly lived with family or in supported accommodation, did not pursue higher education, and mostly participated in day activity programmes. Most had limited friendships as reported by parents/carers; however, self‐report data (n = 28) indicated that adults were largely satisfied with their social relationships. Overall outcome was poor for 57%, and good/very good for 34%. Adults with intellectual disability generally had poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: Autistic adults encountered numerous difficulties in leading an independent life. Adults with co‐occurring intellectual disability were most likely to experience difficulties; however, outcomes ranged from poor to very good for adults without intellectual disability. Discrepancies in parent/carer‐report and self‐reported experiences of friendships highlight the need to ensure individual experiences are captured in addition to parent/carer‐report. Appropriate resources and programmes are crucial for adults with autism to support them to have the choice to live independently.
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spelling pubmed-93283532022-07-30 Social and community inclusion outcomes for adults with autism with and without intellectual disability in Australia Cameron, L. A. Tonge, B. J. Howlin, P. Einfeld, S. L. Stancliffe, R. J. Gray, K. M. J Intellect Disabil Res Original Articles BACKGROUND: Research suggests that adults with autism tend to have poor outcomes. Outcomes have mostly been defined using summary outcome ratings, with less focus on specific outcomes such as employment, living situation, social satisfaction, loneliness, and friendships. This study aimed to explore social and community outcomes, including employment, education, living arrangements, friendships, and social satisfaction, for autistic adults with and without intellectual disability. METHOD: Eighty‐four adults with autism (mean age 34.2 years, SD = 4.5; 67% with co‐occurring intellectual disability), recruited as children and adolescents, participated in the current study. Adult social and community inclusion outcomes were explored through interview and questionnaire, both parent/carer‐report and self‐report. RESULTS: Participants predominantly lived with family or in supported accommodation, did not pursue higher education, and mostly participated in day activity programmes. Most had limited friendships as reported by parents/carers; however, self‐report data (n = 28) indicated that adults were largely satisfied with their social relationships. Overall outcome was poor for 57%, and good/very good for 34%. Adults with intellectual disability generally had poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: Autistic adults encountered numerous difficulties in leading an independent life. Adults with co‐occurring intellectual disability were most likely to experience difficulties; however, outcomes ranged from poor to very good for adults without intellectual disability. Discrepancies in parent/carer‐report and self‐reported experiences of friendships highlight the need to ensure individual experiences are captured in addition to parent/carer‐report. Appropriate resources and programmes are crucial for adults with autism to support them to have the choice to live independently. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-06-08 2022-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9328353/ /pubmed/35677963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12953 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research published by MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Cameron, L. A.
Tonge, B. J.
Howlin, P.
Einfeld, S. L.
Stancliffe, R. J.
Gray, K. M.
Social and community inclusion outcomes for adults with autism with and without intellectual disability in Australia
title Social and community inclusion outcomes for adults with autism with and without intellectual disability in Australia
title_full Social and community inclusion outcomes for adults with autism with and without intellectual disability in Australia
title_fullStr Social and community inclusion outcomes for adults with autism with and without intellectual disability in Australia
title_full_unstemmed Social and community inclusion outcomes for adults with autism with and without intellectual disability in Australia
title_short Social and community inclusion outcomes for adults with autism with and without intellectual disability in Australia
title_sort social and community inclusion outcomes for adults with autism with and without intellectual disability in australia
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9328353/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35677963
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12953
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