Patient Safety Culture in Dentistry Analysis Using the Safety Attitude Questionnaire in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia: A Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation Study

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze a cross-cultural adaptation of the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) for Indonesian dentists. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 general dentists in health services in Jakarta, Indonesia. The first step included cultural adaptation and translation, which was followed by the development of the tested questionnaire through expert agreement and by validity and reliability analysis using Spearman correlation coefficient, Cronbach α, and interclass correlation coefficient. The SAQ consisted of 30 items and 6 dimensions (safety climate, teamwork climate, job satisfaction, stress recognition, perception of management, and working conditions). Respondents were members of the Indonesian Dental Association who voluntarily filled out a Google-based questionnaire from September to October 2020. RESULTS: A total of 250 respondents with a response rate of 16.4% demonstrated a total Cronbach α value of 0.897, whereas the value per item ranged from 0.890 to 0.905, which suggested an acceptable and good to very good internal consistency. The interclass correlation coefficient value varied from 0.840 to 1.000, which meant almost perfect agreement. The correlation coefficient of 30 questions items resulted in a total SAQ score ranging from 0.422 to 0.699 (moderate to strong correlation) and between 6 dimensions to total SAQ score ranging from 0.648 to 0.772 (strong correlation). CONCLUSIONS: The Indonesian version of the SAQ exhibited good validity and very good reliability and potential to be used for evaluating dentists’ patient safety culture in Indonesia.