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The Influence of Periodontal Diseases and the Stimulation of Saliva Secretion on the Course of the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke
Background and purpose: The course of an ischemic stroke depends on many factors. The influence of periodontal diseases and the stimulation of salivation on the course and severity of stroke remains unresolved. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the severity of ischemic stroke depending...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9329893/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893412 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154321 |
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author | Pawlukowska, Wioletta Baumert, Bartłomiej Meller, Agnieszka Dziewulska, Anna Zawiślak, Alicja Grocholewicz, Katarzyna Nowacki, Przemysław Masztalewicz, Marta |
author_facet | Pawlukowska, Wioletta Baumert, Bartłomiej Meller, Agnieszka Dziewulska, Anna Zawiślak, Alicja Grocholewicz, Katarzyna Nowacki, Przemysław Masztalewicz, Marta |
author_sort | Pawlukowska, Wioletta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background and purpose: The course of an ischemic stroke depends on many factors. The influence of periodontal diseases and the stimulation of salivation on the course and severity of stroke remains unresolved. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the severity of ischemic stroke depending on the occurrence of periodontal diseases and saliva stimulation. Methods: The severity of the neurological condition was assessed using the NIHSS scale on days one, three and seven of stroke. The incidence of periodontal diseases was classified using the Hall’s scale in the first day of stroke. On days one and seven of stroke, the concentration of IL-1β, MMP-8, OPG and RANKL in the patients’ saliva was assessed using the Elisa technique. At the same time, the level of CRP and the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood were tested on days one, three and seven of the stroke, and the incidence of upper respiratory and urinary tract infections was assessed. Results:100 consecutive patients with their first ever ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study. 56 randomly selected patients were subjected to the stimulation of salivation, the remaining patients were not stimulated. In the study of the severity of the neurological condition using the NIHS scale on days three and seven of stroke, the degree of deficit in patients without periodontal disease significantly improved compared to patients with periodontal disease, respectively (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01). Patients from the stimulated group had more severe neurological deficit at baseline (p = 0.04). On days three and seven of neurological follow-up, the condition of patients from both groups improved with a further distinct advantage of the unstimulated group over the stimulated group, respectively (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001). In patients from both groups, a statistically significant decrease in CRP and lymphocyte levels was observed on day seven in relation to day one. Conclusions: The occurrence of periodontal disease in a patient with stroke affects the severity of stroke. Stimulation of the mouth and salivary glands in these patients may have a positive effect on the course of stroke, taking into account the dynamics of neurological symptoms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9329893 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93298932022-07-29 The Influence of Periodontal Diseases and the Stimulation of Saliva Secretion on the Course of the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke Pawlukowska, Wioletta Baumert, Bartłomiej Meller, Agnieszka Dziewulska, Anna Zawiślak, Alicja Grocholewicz, Katarzyna Nowacki, Przemysław Masztalewicz, Marta J Clin Med Article Background and purpose: The course of an ischemic stroke depends on many factors. The influence of periodontal diseases and the stimulation of salivation on the course and severity of stroke remains unresolved. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the severity of ischemic stroke depending on the occurrence of periodontal diseases and saliva stimulation. Methods: The severity of the neurological condition was assessed using the NIHSS scale on days one, three and seven of stroke. The incidence of periodontal diseases was classified using the Hall’s scale in the first day of stroke. On days one and seven of stroke, the concentration of IL-1β, MMP-8, OPG and RANKL in the patients’ saliva was assessed using the Elisa technique. At the same time, the level of CRP and the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood were tested on days one, three and seven of the stroke, and the incidence of upper respiratory and urinary tract infections was assessed. Results:100 consecutive patients with their first ever ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study. 56 randomly selected patients were subjected to the stimulation of salivation, the remaining patients were not stimulated. In the study of the severity of the neurological condition using the NIHS scale on days three and seven of stroke, the degree of deficit in patients without periodontal disease significantly improved compared to patients with periodontal disease, respectively (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01). Patients from the stimulated group had more severe neurological deficit at baseline (p = 0.04). On days three and seven of neurological follow-up, the condition of patients from both groups improved with a further distinct advantage of the unstimulated group over the stimulated group, respectively (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001). In patients from both groups, a statistically significant decrease in CRP and lymphocyte levels was observed on day seven in relation to day one. Conclusions: The occurrence of periodontal disease in a patient with stroke affects the severity of stroke. Stimulation of the mouth and salivary glands in these patients may have a positive effect on the course of stroke, taking into account the dynamics of neurological symptoms. MDPI 2022-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9329893/ /pubmed/35893412 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154321 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pawlukowska, Wioletta Baumert, Bartłomiej Meller, Agnieszka Dziewulska, Anna Zawiślak, Alicja Grocholewicz, Katarzyna Nowacki, Przemysław Masztalewicz, Marta The Influence of Periodontal Diseases and the Stimulation of Saliva Secretion on the Course of the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke |
title | The Influence of Periodontal Diseases and the Stimulation of Saliva Secretion on the Course of the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke |
title_full | The Influence of Periodontal Diseases and the Stimulation of Saliva Secretion on the Course of the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke |
title_fullStr | The Influence of Periodontal Diseases and the Stimulation of Saliva Secretion on the Course of the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke |
title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Periodontal Diseases and the Stimulation of Saliva Secretion on the Course of the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke |
title_short | The Influence of Periodontal Diseases and the Stimulation of Saliva Secretion on the Course of the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke |
title_sort | influence of periodontal diseases and the stimulation of saliva secretion on the course of the acute phase of ischemic stroke |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9329893/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893412 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154321 |
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