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Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries
Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9329978/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080682 |
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author | Nappi, Francesco Martuscelli, Giorgia Bellomo, Francesca Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh Moon, Marc R. |
author_facet | Nappi, Francesco Martuscelli, Giorgia Bellomo, Francesca Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh Moon, Marc R. |
author_sort | Nappi, Francesco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and its propensity to form a biofilm, rendering non-surgical therapy ineffective. In addition, antibiotic resistance has affected treatment of this organism. The cohorts at most risk for Staphylococcal endocarditis are elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The innovation of transcatheter technologies alongside other cardiac interventions such as implantable devices has contributed to the increased risk attributable to this cohort. We examined the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis carefully. Inter alia, the determinants of Staphylococcus aureus virulence, interaction with host immunity, as well as the discovery and emergence of a potential vaccine, were investigated. Furthermore, the potential role of prophylactic antibiotics during dental procedures was also evaluated. As rates of transcatheter device implantation increase, endocarditis is expected to increase, especially in this high-risk group. A high level of suspicion is needed alongside early initiation of therapy and referral to the heart team to improve outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9329978 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93299782022-07-29 Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries Nappi, Francesco Martuscelli, Giorgia Bellomo, Francesca Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh Moon, Marc R. Metabolites Review Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and its propensity to form a biofilm, rendering non-surgical therapy ineffective. In addition, antibiotic resistance has affected treatment of this organism. The cohorts at most risk for Staphylococcal endocarditis are elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The innovation of transcatheter technologies alongside other cardiac interventions such as implantable devices has contributed to the increased risk attributable to this cohort. We examined the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis carefully. Inter alia, the determinants of Staphylococcus aureus virulence, interaction with host immunity, as well as the discovery and emergence of a potential vaccine, were investigated. Furthermore, the potential role of prophylactic antibiotics during dental procedures was also evaluated. As rates of transcatheter device implantation increase, endocarditis is expected to increase, especially in this high-risk group. A high level of suspicion is needed alongside early initiation of therapy and referral to the heart team to improve outcomes. MDPI 2022-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9329978/ /pubmed/35893249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080682 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Nappi, Francesco Martuscelli, Giorgia Bellomo, Francesca Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh Moon, Marc R. Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries |
title | Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries |
title_full | Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries |
title_fullStr | Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries |
title_full_unstemmed | Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries |
title_short | Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries |
title_sort | infective endocarditis in high-income countries |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9329978/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080682 |
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