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Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries

Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and...

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Autores principales: Nappi, Francesco, Martuscelli, Giorgia, Bellomo, Francesca, Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh, Moon, Marc R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9329978/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893249
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080682
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author Nappi, Francesco
Martuscelli, Giorgia
Bellomo, Francesca
Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh
Moon, Marc R.
author_facet Nappi, Francesco
Martuscelli, Giorgia
Bellomo, Francesca
Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh
Moon, Marc R.
author_sort Nappi, Francesco
collection PubMed
description Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and its propensity to form a biofilm, rendering non-surgical therapy ineffective. In addition, antibiotic resistance has affected treatment of this organism. The cohorts at most risk for Staphylococcal endocarditis are elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The innovation of transcatheter technologies alongside other cardiac interventions such as implantable devices has contributed to the increased risk attributable to this cohort. We examined the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis carefully. Inter alia, the determinants of Staphylococcus aureus virulence, interaction with host immunity, as well as the discovery and emergence of a potential vaccine, were investigated. Furthermore, the potential role of prophylactic antibiotics during dental procedures was also evaluated. As rates of transcatheter device implantation increase, endocarditis is expected to increase, especially in this high-risk group. A high level of suspicion is needed alongside early initiation of therapy and referral to the heart team to improve outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-93299782022-07-29 Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries Nappi, Francesco Martuscelli, Giorgia Bellomo, Francesca Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh Moon, Marc R. Metabolites Review Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and its propensity to form a biofilm, rendering non-surgical therapy ineffective. In addition, antibiotic resistance has affected treatment of this organism. The cohorts at most risk for Staphylococcal endocarditis are elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The innovation of transcatheter technologies alongside other cardiac interventions such as implantable devices has contributed to the increased risk attributable to this cohort. We examined the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis carefully. Inter alia, the determinants of Staphylococcus aureus virulence, interaction with host immunity, as well as the discovery and emergence of a potential vaccine, were investigated. Furthermore, the potential role of prophylactic antibiotics during dental procedures was also evaluated. As rates of transcatheter device implantation increase, endocarditis is expected to increase, especially in this high-risk group. A high level of suspicion is needed alongside early initiation of therapy and referral to the heart team to improve outcomes. MDPI 2022-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9329978/ /pubmed/35893249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080682 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Nappi, Francesco
Martuscelli, Giorgia
Bellomo, Francesca
Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh
Moon, Marc R.
Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries
title Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries
title_full Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries
title_fullStr Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries
title_full_unstemmed Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries
title_short Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries
title_sort infective endocarditis in high-income countries
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9329978/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893249
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080682
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