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Surgical Experience Disparity Between Male and Female Surgeons in Japan
IMPORTANCE: Women are vastly underrepresented in surgical leadership and management in Japan. The lack of equal opportunities for surgical training is speculated to be the main reason for this disparity; however, this hypothesis has not been investigated thus far. OBJECTIVE: To examine gender dispar...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Medical Association
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9330354/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35895067 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2022.2938 |
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author | Kono, Emiko Isozumi, Urara Nomura, Sachiyo Okoshi, Kae Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Miyata, Hiroaki Yasufuku, Itaru Maeda, Hiromichi Sakamoto, Junichi Uchiyama, Kazuhisa Kakeji, Yoshihiro Yoshida, Kazuhiro Kitagawa, Yuko |
author_facet | Kono, Emiko Isozumi, Urara Nomura, Sachiyo Okoshi, Kae Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Miyata, Hiroaki Yasufuku, Itaru Maeda, Hiromichi Sakamoto, Junichi Uchiyama, Kazuhisa Kakeji, Yoshihiro Yoshida, Kazuhiro Kitagawa, Yuko |
author_sort | Kono, Emiko |
collection | PubMed |
description | IMPORTANCE: Women are vastly underrepresented in surgical leadership and management in Japan. The lack of equal opportunities for surgical training is speculated to be the main reason for this disparity; however, this hypothesis has not been investigated thus far. OBJECTIVE: To examine gender disparity in the number of surgical experiences among Japanese surgeons. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective, multicenter cross-sectional study used data from the National Clinical Database, which contains more than 95% of all surgical procedures in Japan. Participants included male and female gastroenterological surgeons who performed appendectomy, cholecystectomy, right hemicolectomy, distal gastrectomy, low anterior resection, and pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. EXPOSURES: Differences in the number of surgical experiences between male and female surgeons. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcomes were the total number of operations and number of operations per surgeon by gender and years of experience. Data were analyzed from March 18 to August 31, 2021. RESULTS: Of 1 147 068 total operations, 83 354 (7.27%) were performed by female surgeons and 1 063 714 (92.73%) by male surgeons. Among the 6 operative procedures, the percentage of operations performed by female surgeons were the highest for appendectomy (n = 20 648 [9.83%]) and cholecystectomy (n = 41 271 [7.89%]) and lowest for low anterior resection (n = 4507 [4.57%]) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 1329 [2.64%]). Regarding the number of operations per surgeon, female surgeons had fewer surgical experiences for all 6 types of operations in all years after registration, except for appendectomy and cholecystectomy in the first 2 years after medical registration. The largest gender disparity for each surgical procedure was 3.17 times more procedures for male vs female surgeons for appendectomy (at 15 years after medical registration), 4.93 times for cholecystectomy (at 30-39 years), 3.65 times for right hemicolectomy (at 30-39 years), 3.02 times for distal gastrectomy (at 27-29 years), 6.75 times for low anterior resection (at 27-29 years), and 22.2 times for pancreaticoduodenectomy (at 30-39 years). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cross-sectional study found that female surgeons had less surgical experience than male surgeons in Japan, and this gap tended to widen with an increase in years of experience, especially for medium- and high-difficulty operations. Gender disparity in surgical experience needs to be eliminated, so that female surgeons can advance to leadership positions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9330354 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Medical Association |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93303542022-08-17 Surgical Experience Disparity Between Male and Female Surgeons in Japan Kono, Emiko Isozumi, Urara Nomura, Sachiyo Okoshi, Kae Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Miyata, Hiroaki Yasufuku, Itaru Maeda, Hiromichi Sakamoto, Junichi Uchiyama, Kazuhisa Kakeji, Yoshihiro Yoshida, Kazuhiro Kitagawa, Yuko JAMA Surg Original Investigation IMPORTANCE: Women are vastly underrepresented in surgical leadership and management in Japan. The lack of equal opportunities for surgical training is speculated to be the main reason for this disparity; however, this hypothesis has not been investigated thus far. OBJECTIVE: To examine gender disparity in the number of surgical experiences among Japanese surgeons. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective, multicenter cross-sectional study used data from the National Clinical Database, which contains more than 95% of all surgical procedures in Japan. Participants included male and female gastroenterological surgeons who performed appendectomy, cholecystectomy, right hemicolectomy, distal gastrectomy, low anterior resection, and pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. EXPOSURES: Differences in the number of surgical experiences between male and female surgeons. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcomes were the total number of operations and number of operations per surgeon by gender and years of experience. Data were analyzed from March 18 to August 31, 2021. RESULTS: Of 1 147 068 total operations, 83 354 (7.27%) were performed by female surgeons and 1 063 714 (92.73%) by male surgeons. Among the 6 operative procedures, the percentage of operations performed by female surgeons were the highest for appendectomy (n = 20 648 [9.83%]) and cholecystectomy (n = 41 271 [7.89%]) and lowest for low anterior resection (n = 4507 [4.57%]) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 1329 [2.64%]). Regarding the number of operations per surgeon, female surgeons had fewer surgical experiences for all 6 types of operations in all years after registration, except for appendectomy and cholecystectomy in the first 2 years after medical registration. The largest gender disparity for each surgical procedure was 3.17 times more procedures for male vs female surgeons for appendectomy (at 15 years after medical registration), 4.93 times for cholecystectomy (at 30-39 years), 3.65 times for right hemicolectomy (at 30-39 years), 3.02 times for distal gastrectomy (at 27-29 years), 6.75 times for low anterior resection (at 27-29 years), and 22.2 times for pancreaticoduodenectomy (at 30-39 years). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cross-sectional study found that female surgeons had less surgical experience than male surgeons in Japan, and this gap tended to widen with an increase in years of experience, especially for medium- and high-difficulty operations. Gender disparity in surgical experience needs to be eliminated, so that female surgeons can advance to leadership positions. American Medical Association 2022-07-27 2022-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9330354/ /pubmed/35895067 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2022.2938 Text en Copyright 2022 Kono E et al. JAMA Surgery. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. |
spellingShingle | Original Investigation Kono, Emiko Isozumi, Urara Nomura, Sachiyo Okoshi, Kae Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Miyata, Hiroaki Yasufuku, Itaru Maeda, Hiromichi Sakamoto, Junichi Uchiyama, Kazuhisa Kakeji, Yoshihiro Yoshida, Kazuhiro Kitagawa, Yuko Surgical Experience Disparity Between Male and Female Surgeons in Japan |
title | Surgical Experience Disparity Between Male and Female Surgeons in Japan |
title_full | Surgical Experience Disparity Between Male and Female Surgeons in Japan |
title_fullStr | Surgical Experience Disparity Between Male and Female Surgeons in Japan |
title_full_unstemmed | Surgical Experience Disparity Between Male and Female Surgeons in Japan |
title_short | Surgical Experience Disparity Between Male and Female Surgeons in Japan |
title_sort | surgical experience disparity between male and female surgeons in japan |
topic | Original Investigation |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9330354/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35895067 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2022.2938 |
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