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Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit
Juice sac granulation is a common internal physiological disorder of citrus fruit. In the present study, we compared the physiochemical characteristics and transcriptome profiles of juice sacs in different granulation levels from Huyou fruit (Citrus changshanensis). The accumulation of cell wall com...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9330425/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35909750 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.923443 |
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author | Kang, Chen Jiang, Anze Yang, Han Zheng, Guixia Wang, Yue Cao, Jinping Sun, Chongde |
author_facet | Kang, Chen Jiang, Anze Yang, Han Zheng, Guixia Wang, Yue Cao, Jinping Sun, Chongde |
author_sort | Kang, Chen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Juice sac granulation is a common internal physiological disorder of citrus fruit. In the present study, we compared the physiochemical characteristics and transcriptome profiles of juice sacs in different granulation levels from Huyou fruit (Citrus changshanensis). The accumulation of cell wall components, including the water-soluble pectin, protopectin, cellulose, and lignin, were significantly correlated with the granulation process, resulting in the firmness increase of the juice sac. The in situ labeling of the cell wall components indicated the early accumulation of cellulose and high-methylesterified pectin in the outer layer cells, as well as the late accumulation of lignin in the inner layer cells of the juice sac. Several phytohormones, including auxins, abscisic acids, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and/or their metabolites, were positively correlated to the granulation level, indicating an active and complex phytohormones metabolism in the granulation process. Combining the trend analysis by the Mfuzz method and the module-trait correlation analysis by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method, a total of 2940 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be positively correlated with the granulation level. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that the selected DEGs were mainly involved in the cell wall organization and biogenesis, cell wall macromolecule metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, and polysaccharide metabolic process. Among these selected genes, those encoding β-1,4-xylosyltransferase IRX9, cellulose synthase, xyloglucan: xyloglucosyl transferase, xyloglucan galactosyltransferase MUR3, α-1,4-galacturonosyltransferase, expansin, polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase, endoglucanase and pectate lyase that required for the biosynthesis or structural modification of cell wall were identified. In addition, NAC, MYB, bHLH, and MADS were the top abundant transcription factors (TFs) families positively correlated with the granulation level, while the LOB was the top abundant TFs family negatively correlated with the granulation level. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9330425 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93304252022-07-29 Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit Kang, Chen Jiang, Anze Yang, Han Zheng, Guixia Wang, Yue Cao, Jinping Sun, Chongde Front Plant Sci Plant Science Juice sac granulation is a common internal physiological disorder of citrus fruit. In the present study, we compared the physiochemical characteristics and transcriptome profiles of juice sacs in different granulation levels from Huyou fruit (Citrus changshanensis). The accumulation of cell wall components, including the water-soluble pectin, protopectin, cellulose, and lignin, were significantly correlated with the granulation process, resulting in the firmness increase of the juice sac. The in situ labeling of the cell wall components indicated the early accumulation of cellulose and high-methylesterified pectin in the outer layer cells, as well as the late accumulation of lignin in the inner layer cells of the juice sac. Several phytohormones, including auxins, abscisic acids, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and/or their metabolites, were positively correlated to the granulation level, indicating an active and complex phytohormones metabolism in the granulation process. Combining the trend analysis by the Mfuzz method and the module-trait correlation analysis by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method, a total of 2940 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be positively correlated with the granulation level. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that the selected DEGs were mainly involved in the cell wall organization and biogenesis, cell wall macromolecule metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, and polysaccharide metabolic process. Among these selected genes, those encoding β-1,4-xylosyltransferase IRX9, cellulose synthase, xyloglucan: xyloglucosyl transferase, xyloglucan galactosyltransferase MUR3, α-1,4-galacturonosyltransferase, expansin, polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase, endoglucanase and pectate lyase that required for the biosynthesis or structural modification of cell wall were identified. In addition, NAC, MYB, bHLH, and MADS were the top abundant transcription factors (TFs) families positively correlated with the granulation level, while the LOB was the top abundant TFs family negatively correlated with the granulation level. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9330425/ /pubmed/35909750 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.923443 Text en Copyright © 2022 Kang, Jiang, Yang, Zheng, Wang, Cao and Sun. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Kang, Chen Jiang, Anze Yang, Han Zheng, Guixia Wang, Yue Cao, Jinping Sun, Chongde Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
title | Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
title_full | Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
title_fullStr | Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
title_short | Integrated Physiochemical, Hormonal, and Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Underlying Mechanisms for Granulation in Huyou (Citrus changshanensis) Fruit |
title_sort | integrated physiochemical, hormonal, and transcriptomic analysis revealed the underlying mechanisms for granulation in huyou (citrus changshanensis) fruit |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9330425/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35909750 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.923443 |
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