Dyslipidaemia Is Associated with Severe Disease Activity and Poor Prognosis in Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China

Background: Clinical data on the correlation of dyslipidaemia with the long-term outcomes of ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of lipid levels on disease activity and prognosis in UC. Methods: The retrospective data of UC patients who had detailed lipid profiles were collected from January 2003 to September 2020. All patients were followed-up to 30 September 2021. The long-term outcomes were UC-related surgery and tumorigenesis. Results: In total, 497 patients were included in the analysis. Compared to patients with normal lipid levels, those with dyslipidaemia commonly presented with more serious disease activity. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05) levels were associated with higher risks of severe disease activity in UC. Regarding the long-term outcomes, patients with persistent dyslipidaemia were at higher risks of UC-related surgery (HR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.86–5.75, p < 0.001) and tumorigenesis (HR: 7.92, 95% CI: 3.97–15.78, p < 0.001) and had shorter surgery- and tumour-free survival (p < 0.001) than patients with transient dyslipidaemia and normal lipid levels. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001) and apolipoprotein A1 (p < 0.05) were associated with higher risks of surgery and tumorigenesis. Conclusion: Persistent dyslipidaemia was associated with a higher risk of serious disease activity and worse long-term outcomes among patients with UC. Lipid patterns should be assessed to improve the management of high-risk patients with UC in the early phase.