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Use of Placebo and Nonoperative Control Groups in Surgical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
IMPORTANCE: Nonspecific effects, particularly placebo effects, are thought to contribute significantly to the observed effect in surgical trials. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of the observed effect of surgical treatment that is due to nonspecific effects (including the placebo effect). DATA...
Autores principales: | Karjalainen, Teemu, Heikkinen, Juuso, Busija, Ljoudmila, Jokihaara, Jarkko, Lewin, Adriane M., Naylor, Justine M., Harris, Laura, Harris, Ian A., Buchbinder, Rachelle, Adie, Sam |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Medical Association
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9331086/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35895060 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.23903 |
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