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Effectiveness Associated With Vaccination After COVID-19 Recovery in Preventing Reinfection
IMPORTANCE: The benefit of vaccination for preventing reinfection among individuals who have been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To obtain population-based estimates of the probability of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and the effectiveness associated with vaccination aft...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Medical Association
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9331088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35895058 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.23917 |
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author | Lewis, Nickolas Chambers, Laura C. Chu, Huong T. Fortnam, Taylor De Vito, Roberta Gargano, Lisa M. Chan, Philip A. McDonald, James Hogan, Joseph W. |
author_facet | Lewis, Nickolas Chambers, Laura C. Chu, Huong T. Fortnam, Taylor De Vito, Roberta Gargano, Lisa M. Chan, Philip A. McDonald, James Hogan, Joseph W. |
author_sort | Lewis, Nickolas |
collection | PubMed |
description | IMPORTANCE: The benefit of vaccination for preventing reinfection among individuals who have been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To obtain population-based estimates of the probability of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and the effectiveness associated with vaccination after recovery from COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used Rhode Island statewide surveillance data from March 1, 2020, to December 9, 2021, on COVID-19 vaccinations, laboratory-confirmed cases, hospitalizations, and fatalities to conduct a population-based, retrospective study during periods when wild type, Alpha, and Delta strains of SARS-CoV-2 were predominant. Participants included Rhode Island residents aged 12 years and older who were previously diagnosed with COVID-19 and unvaccinated at the time of first infection, stratified into 3 subpopulations: long-term congregate care (LTCC) residents, LTCC employees, and the general population (ie, individuals not associated with congregate settings). Data were analyzed from October 2021 to January 2022. EXPOSURES: Completion of the primary vaccination series, defined as 14 days after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine or 1 dose of vector virus vaccine. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, defined as a laboratory-confirmed positive result on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test at least 90 days after the first laboratory-confirmed positive result on a PCR or antigen test. RESULTS: Overall, 3124 LTCC residents (median [IQR] age, 81 [71-89]; 1675 [53.6%] females), 2877 LTCC employees (median [IQR] age, 41 [30-53]; 2186 [76.0%] females), and 94 516 members of the general population (median [IQR] age, 35 [24-52] years; 45 030 [47.6%] females) met eligibility criteria. Probability of reinfection at 9 months for those who remained unvaccinated after recovery from prior COVID-19 was 13.0% (95% CI, 12.0%-14.0%) among LTCC residents, 10.0% (95% CI, 8.8%-11.5%) among LTCC employees, and 1.9% (95% CI, 1.8%-2.0%) among the general population. Completion of the primary vaccination series after infection was associated with 49% (95% CI, 27%-65%) protection among LTCC residents, 47% (95% CI, 19%-65%) protection among LTCC employees, and 62% (95% CI, 56%-68%) protection in the general population against reinfection, adjusting for potential sociodemographic and clinical confounders and temporal variation in infection rates. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings suggest that risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection after recovery from COVID-19 was relatively high among individuals who remained unvaccinated. Vaccination after recovery from COVID-19 was associated with reducing risk of reinfection by approximately half. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9331088 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Medical Association |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93310882022-08-16 Effectiveness Associated With Vaccination After COVID-19 Recovery in Preventing Reinfection Lewis, Nickolas Chambers, Laura C. Chu, Huong T. Fortnam, Taylor De Vito, Roberta Gargano, Lisa M. Chan, Philip A. McDonald, James Hogan, Joseph W. JAMA Netw Open Original Investigation IMPORTANCE: The benefit of vaccination for preventing reinfection among individuals who have been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To obtain population-based estimates of the probability of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and the effectiveness associated with vaccination after recovery from COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used Rhode Island statewide surveillance data from March 1, 2020, to December 9, 2021, on COVID-19 vaccinations, laboratory-confirmed cases, hospitalizations, and fatalities to conduct a population-based, retrospective study during periods when wild type, Alpha, and Delta strains of SARS-CoV-2 were predominant. Participants included Rhode Island residents aged 12 years and older who were previously diagnosed with COVID-19 and unvaccinated at the time of first infection, stratified into 3 subpopulations: long-term congregate care (LTCC) residents, LTCC employees, and the general population (ie, individuals not associated with congregate settings). Data were analyzed from October 2021 to January 2022. EXPOSURES: Completion of the primary vaccination series, defined as 14 days after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine or 1 dose of vector virus vaccine. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, defined as a laboratory-confirmed positive result on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test at least 90 days after the first laboratory-confirmed positive result on a PCR or antigen test. RESULTS: Overall, 3124 LTCC residents (median [IQR] age, 81 [71-89]; 1675 [53.6%] females), 2877 LTCC employees (median [IQR] age, 41 [30-53]; 2186 [76.0%] females), and 94 516 members of the general population (median [IQR] age, 35 [24-52] years; 45 030 [47.6%] females) met eligibility criteria. Probability of reinfection at 9 months for those who remained unvaccinated after recovery from prior COVID-19 was 13.0% (95% CI, 12.0%-14.0%) among LTCC residents, 10.0% (95% CI, 8.8%-11.5%) among LTCC employees, and 1.9% (95% CI, 1.8%-2.0%) among the general population. Completion of the primary vaccination series after infection was associated with 49% (95% CI, 27%-65%) protection among LTCC residents, 47% (95% CI, 19%-65%) protection among LTCC employees, and 62% (95% CI, 56%-68%) protection in the general population against reinfection, adjusting for potential sociodemographic and clinical confounders and temporal variation in infection rates. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings suggest that risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection after recovery from COVID-19 was relatively high among individuals who remained unvaccinated. Vaccination after recovery from COVID-19 was associated with reducing risk of reinfection by approximately half. American Medical Association 2022-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9331088/ /pubmed/35895058 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.23917 Text en Copyright 2022 Lewis N et al. JAMA Network Open. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. |
spellingShingle | Original Investigation Lewis, Nickolas Chambers, Laura C. Chu, Huong T. Fortnam, Taylor De Vito, Roberta Gargano, Lisa M. Chan, Philip A. McDonald, James Hogan, Joseph W. Effectiveness Associated With Vaccination After COVID-19 Recovery in Preventing Reinfection |
title | Effectiveness Associated With Vaccination After COVID-19 Recovery in Preventing Reinfection |
title_full | Effectiveness Associated With Vaccination After COVID-19 Recovery in Preventing Reinfection |
title_fullStr | Effectiveness Associated With Vaccination After COVID-19 Recovery in Preventing Reinfection |
title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness Associated With Vaccination After COVID-19 Recovery in Preventing Reinfection |
title_short | Effectiveness Associated With Vaccination After COVID-19 Recovery in Preventing Reinfection |
title_sort | effectiveness associated with vaccination after covid-19 recovery in preventing reinfection |
topic | Original Investigation |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9331088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35895058 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.23917 |
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