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Effectiveness of Mental Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging in People With and Without Common Mental Health Conditions: An Online Randomised Experiment

BACKGROUND: Health warning labels on tobacco packaging are a cost-effective means of health risk communication. However, while an extensive range of physical health risks are well-portrayed via current tobacco health warnings in the UK, there are none that currently portray the negative impact of sm...

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Autores principales: Sawyer, Katherine, Burke, Chloe, Ng, Ronnie Long Yee, Freeman, Tom P., Adams, Sally, Taylor, Gemma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9331922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35911223
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869158
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author Sawyer, Katherine
Burke, Chloe
Ng, Ronnie Long Yee
Freeman, Tom P.
Adams, Sally
Taylor, Gemma
author_facet Sawyer, Katherine
Burke, Chloe
Ng, Ronnie Long Yee
Freeman, Tom P.
Adams, Sally
Taylor, Gemma
author_sort Sawyer, Katherine
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Health warning labels on tobacco packaging are a cost-effective means of health risk communication. However, while an extensive range of physical health risks are well-portrayed via current tobacco health warnings in the UK, there are none that currently portray the negative impact of smoking on mental health. AIMS: (i) develop novel mental health warning labels for tobacco packaging and (ii) test perceptions of these warnings in smokers and non-smokers, with and without mental health problems. METHODS: Six mental health warning labels were developed with a consultancy focus group. These warning labels were tested in an online randomised experiment, where respondents (N = 687) rated six Mental Health Warning Labels (MHWLs) and six Physical Health Warning Labels (PHWLs) on measures of perceived effectiveness, believability, arousal, valence, acceptability, reactance and novelty of information. RESULTS: MHWLs were perceived as low to moderately effective (mean = 4.02, SD = 2.40), but less effective than PHWLs (mean = 5.78, SD = 2.55, p < 0.001, η(p)(2) = 0.63). MHWLs were perceived as less believable, arousing, unpleasant, and acceptable than PHWLs. MHWLs evoked more reactance and were rated as more novel. Perceptions of MHWLs did not differ in people with and without mental health problems except for reactance and acceptability, but consistent with the PHWL literature, perceptions of MHWLs differed between non-smokers and smokers. CONCLUSION: MHWLs could be an effective means to communicate novel information about the effects of smoking on mental health. MHWLs are perceived as less effective, believable, arousing, unpleasant, and acceptable than PHWLs, but MHWLs evoke more reactance and are rated as more novel.
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spelling pubmed-93319222022-07-29 Effectiveness of Mental Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging in People With and Without Common Mental Health Conditions: An Online Randomised Experiment Sawyer, Katherine Burke, Chloe Ng, Ronnie Long Yee Freeman, Tom P. Adams, Sally Taylor, Gemma Front Psychiatry Psychiatry BACKGROUND: Health warning labels on tobacco packaging are a cost-effective means of health risk communication. However, while an extensive range of physical health risks are well-portrayed via current tobacco health warnings in the UK, there are none that currently portray the negative impact of smoking on mental health. AIMS: (i) develop novel mental health warning labels for tobacco packaging and (ii) test perceptions of these warnings in smokers and non-smokers, with and without mental health problems. METHODS: Six mental health warning labels were developed with a consultancy focus group. These warning labels were tested in an online randomised experiment, where respondents (N = 687) rated six Mental Health Warning Labels (MHWLs) and six Physical Health Warning Labels (PHWLs) on measures of perceived effectiveness, believability, arousal, valence, acceptability, reactance and novelty of information. RESULTS: MHWLs were perceived as low to moderately effective (mean = 4.02, SD = 2.40), but less effective than PHWLs (mean = 5.78, SD = 2.55, p < 0.001, η(p)(2) = 0.63). MHWLs were perceived as less believable, arousing, unpleasant, and acceptable than PHWLs. MHWLs evoked more reactance and were rated as more novel. Perceptions of MHWLs did not differ in people with and without mental health problems except for reactance and acceptability, but consistent with the PHWL literature, perceptions of MHWLs differed between non-smokers and smokers. CONCLUSION: MHWLs could be an effective means to communicate novel information about the effects of smoking on mental health. MHWLs are perceived as less effective, believable, arousing, unpleasant, and acceptable than PHWLs, but MHWLs evoke more reactance and are rated as more novel. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9331922/ /pubmed/35911223 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869158 Text en Copyright © 2022 Sawyer, Burke, Ng, Freeman, Adams and Taylor. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
Sawyer, Katherine
Burke, Chloe
Ng, Ronnie Long Yee
Freeman, Tom P.
Adams, Sally
Taylor, Gemma
Effectiveness of Mental Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging in People With and Without Common Mental Health Conditions: An Online Randomised Experiment
title Effectiveness of Mental Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging in People With and Without Common Mental Health Conditions: An Online Randomised Experiment
title_full Effectiveness of Mental Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging in People With and Without Common Mental Health Conditions: An Online Randomised Experiment
title_fullStr Effectiveness of Mental Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging in People With and Without Common Mental Health Conditions: An Online Randomised Experiment
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of Mental Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging in People With and Without Common Mental Health Conditions: An Online Randomised Experiment
title_short Effectiveness of Mental Health Warnings on Tobacco Packaging in People With and Without Common Mental Health Conditions: An Online Randomised Experiment
title_sort effectiveness of mental health warnings on tobacco packaging in people with and without common mental health conditions: an online randomised experiment
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9331922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35911223
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869158
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