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RNA-Seq Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Ilyonectria robusta Responding to Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13

(1) Background: Ilyonectria robusta can cause ginseng to suffer from rusty root rot. Secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13 can inhibit the mycelial growth of I. robusta. However, the molecular mechanism of the inhibition and response remains unclear. (2) Methods: Thr...

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Autores principales: Li, Xiang, Li, Mengtao, Liu, Xiangkai, Jiang, Yilin, Zhao, Dongfang, Gao, Jie, Wang, Zhenhui, Jiang, Yun, Chen, Changqing
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9332032/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893148
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8080779
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author Li, Xiang
Li, Mengtao
Liu, Xiangkai
Jiang, Yilin
Zhao, Dongfang
Gao, Jie
Wang, Zhenhui
Jiang, Yun
Chen, Changqing
author_facet Li, Xiang
Li, Mengtao
Liu, Xiangkai
Jiang, Yilin
Zhao, Dongfang
Gao, Jie
Wang, Zhenhui
Jiang, Yun
Chen, Changqing
author_sort Li, Xiang
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: Ilyonectria robusta can cause ginseng to suffer from rusty root rot. Secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13 can inhibit the mycelial growth of I. robusta. However, the molecular mechanism of the inhibition and response remains unclear. (2) Methods: Through an in vitro trial, the effect of B. methylotrophicus NJ13’s SMs on the hyphae and conidia of I. robusta was determined. The change in the physiological function of I. robusta was evaluated in response to NJ13’s SMs by measuring the electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and glucose content. The molecular interaction mechanism of I. robusta’s response to NJ13’s SMs was analyzed by using transcriptome sequencing. (3) Results: NJ13’s SMs exhibited antifungal activity against I. robusta: namely, the hyphae swelled and branched abnormally, and their inclusions leaked out due to changes in the cell membrane permeability and the peroxidation level; the EC(50) value was 1.21% (v/v). In transcripts at 4 dpi and 7 dpi, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log(2)(fold change)| > 1, p adj ≤ 0.05) was 1960 and 354, respectively. NJ13’s SMs affected the glucose metabolism pathway, and the sugar-transporter-related genes were downregulated, which are utilized by I. robusta for energy production. The cell wall structure of I. robusta was disrupted, and chitin-synthase-related genes were downregulated. (4) Conclusions: A new dataset of functional responses of the ginseng pathogenic fungus I. robusta was obtained. The results will benefit the development of targeted biological fungicides for I. robusta and the study of the molecular mechanisms of interaction between biocontrol bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi.
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spelling pubmed-93320322022-07-29 RNA-Seq Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Ilyonectria robusta Responding to Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13 Li, Xiang Li, Mengtao Liu, Xiangkai Jiang, Yilin Zhao, Dongfang Gao, Jie Wang, Zhenhui Jiang, Yun Chen, Changqing J Fungi (Basel) Article (1) Background: Ilyonectria robusta can cause ginseng to suffer from rusty root rot. Secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13 can inhibit the mycelial growth of I. robusta. However, the molecular mechanism of the inhibition and response remains unclear. (2) Methods: Through an in vitro trial, the effect of B. methylotrophicus NJ13’s SMs on the hyphae and conidia of I. robusta was determined. The change in the physiological function of I. robusta was evaluated in response to NJ13’s SMs by measuring the electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and glucose content. The molecular interaction mechanism of I. robusta’s response to NJ13’s SMs was analyzed by using transcriptome sequencing. (3) Results: NJ13’s SMs exhibited antifungal activity against I. robusta: namely, the hyphae swelled and branched abnormally, and their inclusions leaked out due to changes in the cell membrane permeability and the peroxidation level; the EC(50) value was 1.21% (v/v). In transcripts at 4 dpi and 7 dpi, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log(2)(fold change)| > 1, p adj ≤ 0.05) was 1960 and 354, respectively. NJ13’s SMs affected the glucose metabolism pathway, and the sugar-transporter-related genes were downregulated, which are utilized by I. robusta for energy production. The cell wall structure of I. robusta was disrupted, and chitin-synthase-related genes were downregulated. (4) Conclusions: A new dataset of functional responses of the ginseng pathogenic fungus I. robusta was obtained. The results will benefit the development of targeted biological fungicides for I. robusta and the study of the molecular mechanisms of interaction between biocontrol bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. MDPI 2022-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9332032/ /pubmed/35893148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8080779 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Li, Xiang
Li, Mengtao
Liu, Xiangkai
Jiang, Yilin
Zhao, Dongfang
Gao, Jie
Wang, Zhenhui
Jiang, Yun
Chen, Changqing
RNA-Seq Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Ilyonectria robusta Responding to Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13
title RNA-Seq Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Ilyonectria robusta Responding to Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13
title_full RNA-Seq Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Ilyonectria robusta Responding to Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13
title_fullStr RNA-Seq Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Ilyonectria robusta Responding to Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13
title_full_unstemmed RNA-Seq Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Ilyonectria robusta Responding to Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13
title_short RNA-Seq Provides Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Ilyonectria robusta Responding to Secondary Metabolites of Bacillus methylotrophicus NJ13
title_sort rna-seq provides insights into the mechanisms underlying ilyonectria robusta responding to secondary metabolites of bacillus methylotrophicus nj13
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9332032/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35893148
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8080779
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