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Carbamate Pesticides: Shedding Light on Their Impact on the Male Reproductive System

Carbamates are widely used and known around the world as pesticides in spite of also having medical applications. This class of chemicals is classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, blocking acetylcholine hydrolyzation in a reversible manner. Their lack of species selectivity and their reporte...

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Autores principales: Moreira, Sílvia, Silva, Ricardo, Carrageta, David F., Alves, Marco G., Seco-Rovira, Vicente, Oliveira, Pedro F., de Lourdes Pereira, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9332211/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35897782
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158206
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author Moreira, Sílvia
Silva, Ricardo
Carrageta, David F.
Alves, Marco G.
Seco-Rovira, Vicente
Oliveira, Pedro F.
de Lourdes Pereira, Maria
author_facet Moreira, Sílvia
Silva, Ricardo
Carrageta, David F.
Alves, Marco G.
Seco-Rovira, Vicente
Oliveira, Pedro F.
de Lourdes Pereira, Maria
author_sort Moreira, Sílvia
collection PubMed
description Carbamates are widely used and known around the world as pesticides in spite of also having medical applications. This class of chemicals is classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, blocking acetylcholine hydrolyzation in a reversible manner. Their lack of species selectivity and their reported high toxicity can induce, upon exposure, adverse outcomes in male fertility that may lead to infertility. In addition, they are also considered endocrine-disrupting chemicals and can interfere with the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis, essential for the normal function of the male reproductive system, thus being able to provoke male reproductive dysfunctions. Although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, various signaling pathways, such as those mediated by acetylcholine or kisspeptin, are affected by exposure to carbamates, thus compromising steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Over the last decades, several studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have reported a myriad of negative effects of carbamates on the male reproductive system. In this review, an up-to-date overview of the impact of carbamates on the male reproductive system is discussed, with an emphasis on the role of these compounds on acetylcholine regulation and the male endocrine system.
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spelling pubmed-93322112022-07-29 Carbamate Pesticides: Shedding Light on Their Impact on the Male Reproductive System Moreira, Sílvia Silva, Ricardo Carrageta, David F. Alves, Marco G. Seco-Rovira, Vicente Oliveira, Pedro F. de Lourdes Pereira, Maria Int J Mol Sci Review Carbamates are widely used and known around the world as pesticides in spite of also having medical applications. This class of chemicals is classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, blocking acetylcholine hydrolyzation in a reversible manner. Their lack of species selectivity and their reported high toxicity can induce, upon exposure, adverse outcomes in male fertility that may lead to infertility. In addition, they are also considered endocrine-disrupting chemicals and can interfere with the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis, essential for the normal function of the male reproductive system, thus being able to provoke male reproductive dysfunctions. Although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, various signaling pathways, such as those mediated by acetylcholine or kisspeptin, are affected by exposure to carbamates, thus compromising steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Over the last decades, several studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have reported a myriad of negative effects of carbamates on the male reproductive system. In this review, an up-to-date overview of the impact of carbamates on the male reproductive system is discussed, with an emphasis on the role of these compounds on acetylcholine regulation and the male endocrine system. MDPI 2022-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9332211/ /pubmed/35897782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158206 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Moreira, Sílvia
Silva, Ricardo
Carrageta, David F.
Alves, Marco G.
Seco-Rovira, Vicente
Oliveira, Pedro F.
de Lourdes Pereira, Maria
Carbamate Pesticides: Shedding Light on Their Impact on the Male Reproductive System
title Carbamate Pesticides: Shedding Light on Their Impact on the Male Reproductive System
title_full Carbamate Pesticides: Shedding Light on Their Impact on the Male Reproductive System
title_fullStr Carbamate Pesticides: Shedding Light on Their Impact on the Male Reproductive System
title_full_unstemmed Carbamate Pesticides: Shedding Light on Their Impact on the Male Reproductive System
title_short Carbamate Pesticides: Shedding Light on Their Impact on the Male Reproductive System
title_sort carbamate pesticides: shedding light on their impact on the male reproductive system
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9332211/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35897782
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158206
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