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The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease
Despite the reality that a death from cerebrovascular accident occurs every 3.5 min in the United States, there are few therapeutic options which are typically limited to a narrow window of opportunity in time for damage mitigation and recovery. Novel therapies have targeted pathological processes s...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9332234/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35892653 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081447 |
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author | Gordon, Jonah Lockard, Gavin Monsour, Molly Alayli, Adam Borlongan, Cesario V. |
author_facet | Gordon, Jonah Lockard, Gavin Monsour, Molly Alayli, Adam Borlongan, Cesario V. |
author_sort | Gordon, Jonah |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite the reality that a death from cerebrovascular accident occurs every 3.5 min in the United States, there are few therapeutic options which are typically limited to a narrow window of opportunity in time for damage mitigation and recovery. Novel therapies have targeted pathological processes secondary to the initial insult, such as oxidative damage and peripheral inflammation. One of the greatest challenges to therapy is the frequently permanent damage within the CNS, attributed to a lack of sufficient neurogenesis. Thus, recent use of cell-based therapies for stroke have shown promising results. Unfortunately, stroke-induced inflammatory and oxidative damage limit the therapeutic potential of these stem cells. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been implicated in endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, thus presenting an attractive target for novel therapeutics to enhance stem cell therapy and promote neurogenesis. This review assesses the current literature on the concomitant use of stem cell therapy and Nrf2 targeting via pharmaceutical and natural agents, highlighting the need to elucidate both upstream and downstream pathways in optimizing Nrf2 treatments in the setting of cerebrovascular disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9332234 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93322342022-07-29 The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease Gordon, Jonah Lockard, Gavin Monsour, Molly Alayli, Adam Borlongan, Cesario V. Antioxidants (Basel) Review Despite the reality that a death from cerebrovascular accident occurs every 3.5 min in the United States, there are few therapeutic options which are typically limited to a narrow window of opportunity in time for damage mitigation and recovery. Novel therapies have targeted pathological processes secondary to the initial insult, such as oxidative damage and peripheral inflammation. One of the greatest challenges to therapy is the frequently permanent damage within the CNS, attributed to a lack of sufficient neurogenesis. Thus, recent use of cell-based therapies for stroke have shown promising results. Unfortunately, stroke-induced inflammatory and oxidative damage limit the therapeutic potential of these stem cells. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been implicated in endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, thus presenting an attractive target for novel therapeutics to enhance stem cell therapy and promote neurogenesis. This review assesses the current literature on the concomitant use of stem cell therapy and Nrf2 targeting via pharmaceutical and natural agents, highlighting the need to elucidate both upstream and downstream pathways in optimizing Nrf2 treatments in the setting of cerebrovascular disease. MDPI 2022-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9332234/ /pubmed/35892653 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081447 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Gordon, Jonah Lockard, Gavin Monsour, Molly Alayli, Adam Borlongan, Cesario V. The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease |
title | The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease |
title_full | The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease |
title_fullStr | The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease |
title_short | The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease |
title_sort | role of concomitant nrf2 targeting and stem cell therapy in cerebrovascular disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9332234/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35892653 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081447 |
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