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An intentional cohesion call in male chimpanzees of Budongo Forest

Many social animals travel in cohesive groups but some species, including chimpanzees, form flexible fission–fusion systems where individuals have some control over group cohesion and proximity to others. Here, we explored how male chimpanzees of the Sonso community of Budongo Forest, Uganda, use co...

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Autores principales: Bouchard, Alice, Zuberbühler, Klaus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334450/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35044524
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01597-6
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author Bouchard, Alice
Zuberbühler, Klaus
author_facet Bouchard, Alice
Zuberbühler, Klaus
author_sort Bouchard, Alice
collection PubMed
description Many social animals travel in cohesive groups but some species, including chimpanzees, form flexible fission–fusion systems where individuals have some control over group cohesion and proximity to others. Here, we explored how male chimpanzees of the Sonso community of Budongo Forest, Uganda, use communication signals during resting, a context where the likelihood of group fission is high due to forthcoming travel. We focused on a context-specific vocalisation, the ‘rest hoo’, to investigate its function and determine whether it is produced intentionally. We found that this call was typically given towards the end of typical silent resting bouts, i.e., the period when individuals need to decide whether to continue travelling after a brief stop-over or to start a prolonged resting bout. Subjects rested longer after producing ‘rest hoos’ and their resting time increased with the number of calls produced. They also rested longer if their calls were answered. Furthermore, focal subjects’ resting time was prolonged after hearing others’ ‘rest hoos’. Subjects called more when with top proximity partners and in small parties and rested longer if a top proximity partner called. We also found an interaction effect between rank and grooming activity, with high-ranking males with a high grooming index calling less frequently than other males, suggesting that vocal communication may serve as a cohesion strategy alternative to tactile-based bonding. We discuss these different patterns and conclude that chimpanzee ‘rest hoos’ meet key criteria for intentional signalling. We suggest that ‘rest hoos’ are produced to prolong resting bouts with desired partners, which may function to increase social cohesion. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10071-022-01597-6.
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spelling pubmed-93344502022-07-30 An intentional cohesion call in male chimpanzees of Budongo Forest Bouchard, Alice Zuberbühler, Klaus Anim Cogn Original Paper Many social animals travel in cohesive groups but some species, including chimpanzees, form flexible fission–fusion systems where individuals have some control over group cohesion and proximity to others. Here, we explored how male chimpanzees of the Sonso community of Budongo Forest, Uganda, use communication signals during resting, a context where the likelihood of group fission is high due to forthcoming travel. We focused on a context-specific vocalisation, the ‘rest hoo’, to investigate its function and determine whether it is produced intentionally. We found that this call was typically given towards the end of typical silent resting bouts, i.e., the period when individuals need to decide whether to continue travelling after a brief stop-over or to start a prolonged resting bout. Subjects rested longer after producing ‘rest hoos’ and their resting time increased with the number of calls produced. They also rested longer if their calls were answered. Furthermore, focal subjects’ resting time was prolonged after hearing others’ ‘rest hoos’. Subjects called more when with top proximity partners and in small parties and rested longer if a top proximity partner called. We also found an interaction effect between rank and grooming activity, with high-ranking males with a high grooming index calling less frequently than other males, suggesting that vocal communication may serve as a cohesion strategy alternative to tactile-based bonding. We discuss these different patterns and conclude that chimpanzee ‘rest hoos’ meet key criteria for intentional signalling. We suggest that ‘rest hoos’ are produced to prolong resting bouts with desired partners, which may function to increase social cohesion. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10071-022-01597-6. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-01-19 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9334450/ /pubmed/35044524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01597-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Paper
Bouchard, Alice
Zuberbühler, Klaus
An intentional cohesion call in male chimpanzees of Budongo Forest
title An intentional cohesion call in male chimpanzees of Budongo Forest
title_full An intentional cohesion call in male chimpanzees of Budongo Forest
title_fullStr An intentional cohesion call in male chimpanzees of Budongo Forest
title_full_unstemmed An intentional cohesion call in male chimpanzees of Budongo Forest
title_short An intentional cohesion call in male chimpanzees of Budongo Forest
title_sort intentional cohesion call in male chimpanzees of budongo forest
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334450/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35044524
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01597-6
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