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Meningococcal Disease and Immunization Activities in Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage: a review

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreaks associated with Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage events in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are well recognized. Past outbreaks have been associated with substantial intercontinental spread of specific Neisseria meningitidis serogroups. The emergence of menin...

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Autores principales: Badur, Selim, Khalaf, Mansour, Öztürk, Serdar, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Amir, Ashraf, Farahat, Fayssal, Shibl, Atef
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Healthcare 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334481/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35585384
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-022-00620-0
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author Badur, Selim
Khalaf, Mansour
Öztürk, Serdar
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
Amir, Ashraf
Farahat, Fayssal
Shibl, Atef
author_facet Badur, Selim
Khalaf, Mansour
Öztürk, Serdar
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
Amir, Ashraf
Farahat, Fayssal
Shibl, Atef
author_sort Badur, Selim
collection PubMed
description Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreaks associated with Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage events in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are well recognized. Past outbreaks have been associated with substantial intercontinental spread of specific Neisseria meningitidis serogroups. The emergence of meningococcal serogroup W (MenW) was a global concern following the 2000/2001 Hajj outbreaks. Broader compulsory meningococcal serogroups A, C, W and Y (MenACWY) immunization strategies for pilgrims were introduced in response to these events and led to substantial declines in IMD cases associated with these mass gatherings. However, there remains potential for future outbreaks either within KSA during the Hajj or in local populations via pilgrim meningococcal transmission on their return. While the annual Hajj involves pilgrims from over 185 countries, two-thirds of these arrive from 13 countries, chiefly from across South-East Asia, the Middle East and North African (MENA) regions; for which we review the relevant epidemiology of IMD and meningococcal carriage. While disease surveillance is limited and data are often lacking, MenB is an important serogroup associated with IMD and carriage in a number of countries. Available literature suggests that most pilgrims receive polysaccharide MenACWY vaccines (which do not impact carriage and onward transmission) and incomplete compliance with visa/entry immunization regulations is reported. Existing preventative approaches for visiting pilgrims require continued oversight. More complete compliance and switching to the conjugated MenACWY vaccine can provide more robust and broader protection for pilgrims. Additional immunization options could also be considered. GRAPHICAL PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: [Image: see text]
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spelling pubmed-93344812022-07-30 Meningococcal Disease and Immunization Activities in Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage: a review Badur, Selim Khalaf, Mansour Öztürk, Serdar Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Amir, Ashraf Farahat, Fayssal Shibl, Atef Infect Dis Ther Review Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreaks associated with Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage events in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are well recognized. Past outbreaks have been associated with substantial intercontinental spread of specific Neisseria meningitidis serogroups. The emergence of meningococcal serogroup W (MenW) was a global concern following the 2000/2001 Hajj outbreaks. Broader compulsory meningococcal serogroups A, C, W and Y (MenACWY) immunization strategies for pilgrims were introduced in response to these events and led to substantial declines in IMD cases associated with these mass gatherings. However, there remains potential for future outbreaks either within KSA during the Hajj or in local populations via pilgrim meningococcal transmission on their return. While the annual Hajj involves pilgrims from over 185 countries, two-thirds of these arrive from 13 countries, chiefly from across South-East Asia, the Middle East and North African (MENA) regions; for which we review the relevant epidemiology of IMD and meningococcal carriage. While disease surveillance is limited and data are often lacking, MenB is an important serogroup associated with IMD and carriage in a number of countries. Available literature suggests that most pilgrims receive polysaccharide MenACWY vaccines (which do not impact carriage and onward transmission) and incomplete compliance with visa/entry immunization regulations is reported. Existing preventative approaches for visiting pilgrims require continued oversight. More complete compliance and switching to the conjugated MenACWY vaccine can provide more robust and broader protection for pilgrims. Additional immunization options could also be considered. GRAPHICAL PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: [Image: see text] Springer Healthcare 2022-05-19 2022-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9334481/ /pubmed/35585384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-022-00620-0 Text en © GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Badur, Selim
Khalaf, Mansour
Öztürk, Serdar
Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
Amir, Ashraf
Farahat, Fayssal
Shibl, Atef
Meningococcal Disease and Immunization Activities in Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage: a review
title Meningococcal Disease and Immunization Activities in Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage: a review
title_full Meningococcal Disease and Immunization Activities in Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage: a review
title_fullStr Meningococcal Disease and Immunization Activities in Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage: a review
title_full_unstemmed Meningococcal Disease and Immunization Activities in Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage: a review
title_short Meningococcal Disease and Immunization Activities in Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage: a review
title_sort meningococcal disease and immunization activities in hajj and umrah pilgrimage: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334481/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35585384
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40121-022-00620-0
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