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Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers

A molecular mimicry between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human proteins supports the possibility that autoimmunity takes place during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contributing to tissue damage. For example, anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been repor...

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Autores principales: Borghi, Maria Orietta, Bombaci, Mauro, Bodio, Caterina, Lonati, Paola Adele, Gobbini, Andrea, Lorenzo, Mariangela, Torresani, Erminio, Dubini, Antonella, Bulgarelli, Ilaria, Solari, Francesca, Pregnolato, Francesca, Bandera, Alessandra, Gori, Andrea, Parati, Gianfranco, Abrignani, Sergio, Grifantini, Renata, Meroni, Pier Luigi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334668/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35911726
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930074
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author Borghi, Maria Orietta
Bombaci, Mauro
Bodio, Caterina
Lonati, Paola Adele
Gobbini, Andrea
Lorenzo, Mariangela
Torresani, Erminio
Dubini, Antonella
Bulgarelli, Ilaria
Solari, Francesca
Pregnolato, Francesca
Bandera, Alessandra
Gori, Andrea
Parati, Gianfranco
Abrignani, Sergio
Grifantini, Renata
Meroni, Pier Luigi
author_facet Borghi, Maria Orietta
Bombaci, Mauro
Bodio, Caterina
Lonati, Paola Adele
Gobbini, Andrea
Lorenzo, Mariangela
Torresani, Erminio
Dubini, Antonella
Bulgarelli, Ilaria
Solari, Francesca
Pregnolato, Francesca
Bandera, Alessandra
Gori, Andrea
Parati, Gianfranco
Abrignani, Sergio
Grifantini, Renata
Meroni, Pier Luigi
author_sort Borghi, Maria Orietta
collection PubMed
description A molecular mimicry between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human proteins supports the possibility that autoimmunity takes place during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contributing to tissue damage. For example, anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been reported in COVID-19 as a result of such mimicry and thought to contribute to the immunothrombosis characteristic of the disease. Consistently, active immunization with the virus spike protein may elicit the production of cross-reactive autoantibodies, including aPL. We prospectively looked at the aPL production in healthcare workers vaccinated with RNA- (BNT162b2, n. 100) or adenovirus-based vaccines (ChAdOx1, n. 50). Anti-cardiolipin, anti-beta2 glycoprotein I, anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM before and after vaccination were investigated. Anti-platelet factor 4 immunoglobulins were also investigated as autoantibodies associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Additional organ (anti-thyroid) and non-organ (anti-nuclear) autoantibodies and IgG against human proteome were tested as further post-vaccination autoimmunity markers. The antibodies were tested one or three months after the first injection of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2, respectively; a 12-month clinical follow-up was also performed. Vaccination occasionally induced low titers of aPL and other autoantibodies but did not affect the titer of pre-existing autoantibodies. No significant reactivities against a microarray of approximately 20,000 human proteins were found in a subgroup of ChAdOx1-vaccinees. Consistently, we did not record any clinical manifestation theoretically associated with an underlying autoimmune disorder. The data obtained after the vaccination (two doses for the RNA-based and one dose for the adenovirus-based vaccines), and the clinical follow-up are not supporting the occurrence of an early autoimmune response in this cohort of healthcare workers.
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spelling pubmed-93346682022-07-30 Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers Borghi, Maria Orietta Bombaci, Mauro Bodio, Caterina Lonati, Paola Adele Gobbini, Andrea Lorenzo, Mariangela Torresani, Erminio Dubini, Antonella Bulgarelli, Ilaria Solari, Francesca Pregnolato, Francesca Bandera, Alessandra Gori, Andrea Parati, Gianfranco Abrignani, Sergio Grifantini, Renata Meroni, Pier Luigi Front Immunol Immunology A molecular mimicry between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human proteins supports the possibility that autoimmunity takes place during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contributing to tissue damage. For example, anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been reported in COVID-19 as a result of such mimicry and thought to contribute to the immunothrombosis characteristic of the disease. Consistently, active immunization with the virus spike protein may elicit the production of cross-reactive autoantibodies, including aPL. We prospectively looked at the aPL production in healthcare workers vaccinated with RNA- (BNT162b2, n. 100) or adenovirus-based vaccines (ChAdOx1, n. 50). Anti-cardiolipin, anti-beta2 glycoprotein I, anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM before and after vaccination were investigated. Anti-platelet factor 4 immunoglobulins were also investigated as autoantibodies associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Additional organ (anti-thyroid) and non-organ (anti-nuclear) autoantibodies and IgG against human proteome were tested as further post-vaccination autoimmunity markers. The antibodies were tested one or three months after the first injection of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2, respectively; a 12-month clinical follow-up was also performed. Vaccination occasionally induced low titers of aPL and other autoantibodies but did not affect the titer of pre-existing autoantibodies. No significant reactivities against a microarray of approximately 20,000 human proteins were found in a subgroup of ChAdOx1-vaccinees. Consistently, we did not record any clinical manifestation theoretically associated with an underlying autoimmune disorder. The data obtained after the vaccination (two doses for the RNA-based and one dose for the adenovirus-based vaccines), and the clinical follow-up are not supporting the occurrence of an early autoimmune response in this cohort of healthcare workers. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9334668/ /pubmed/35911726 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930074 Text en Copyright © 2022 Borghi, Bombaci, Bodio, Lonati, Gobbini, Lorenzo, Torresani, Dubini, Bulgarelli, Solari, Pregnolato, Bandera, Gori, Parati, Abrignani, Grifantini and Meroni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Borghi, Maria Orietta
Bombaci, Mauro
Bodio, Caterina
Lonati, Paola Adele
Gobbini, Andrea
Lorenzo, Mariangela
Torresani, Erminio
Dubini, Antonella
Bulgarelli, Ilaria
Solari, Francesca
Pregnolato, Francesca
Bandera, Alessandra
Gori, Andrea
Parati, Gianfranco
Abrignani, Sergio
Grifantini, Renata
Meroni, Pier Luigi
Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers
title Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers
title_full Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers
title_fullStr Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers
title_full_unstemmed Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers
title_short Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Vaccination Does Not Trigger Early Autoantibody Production in Healthcare Workers
title_sort anti-phospholipid antibodies and coronavirus disease 2019: vaccination does not trigger early autoantibody production in healthcare workers
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334668/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35911726
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930074
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