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Multiple dimeric structures and strand-swap dimerization of E-cadherin in solution visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy

Classical cadherins play key roles in cell–cell adhesion. The adhesion process is thought to comprise mainly two steps: X-dimer and strand-swap (SS-) dimer formation of the extracellular domains (ectodomains) of cadherins. The dimerization mechanism of this two-step process has been investigated for...

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Autores principales: Nishiguchi, Shigetaka, Furuta, Tadaomi, Uchihashi, Takayuki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9335211/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35867820
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208067119
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author Nishiguchi, Shigetaka
Furuta, Tadaomi
Uchihashi, Takayuki
author_facet Nishiguchi, Shigetaka
Furuta, Tadaomi
Uchihashi, Takayuki
author_sort Nishiguchi, Shigetaka
collection PubMed
description Classical cadherins play key roles in cell–cell adhesion. The adhesion process is thought to comprise mainly two steps: X-dimer and strand-swap (SS-) dimer formation of the extracellular domains (ectodomains) of cadherins. The dimerization mechanism of this two-step process has been investigated for type I cadherins, including E-cadherin, of classical cadherins, whereas other binding states also have been proposed, raising the possibility of additional binding processes required for the cadherin dimerization. However, technical limitations in observing single-molecule structures and their dynamics have precluded the investigation of the dynamic binding process of cadherin. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to observe full-length ectodomains of E-cadherin in solution and identified multiple dimeric structures that had not been reported previously. HS-AFM revealed that almost half of the cadherin dimers showed S- (or reverse S-) shaped conformations, which had more dynamic properties than the SS- and X-like dimers. The combined HS-AFM, mutational, and molecular modeling analyses showed that the S-shaped dimer was formed by membrane-distal ectodomains, while the binding interface was different from that of SS- and X-dimers. Furthermore, the formation of the SS-dimer from the S-shaped and X-like dimers was directly visualized, suggesting the processes of SS-dimer formation from S-shaped and X-dimers during cadherin dimerization.
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spelling pubmed-93352112023-01-22 Multiple dimeric structures and strand-swap dimerization of E-cadherin in solution visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy Nishiguchi, Shigetaka Furuta, Tadaomi Uchihashi, Takayuki Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences Classical cadherins play key roles in cell–cell adhesion. The adhesion process is thought to comprise mainly two steps: X-dimer and strand-swap (SS-) dimer formation of the extracellular domains (ectodomains) of cadherins. The dimerization mechanism of this two-step process has been investigated for type I cadherins, including E-cadherin, of classical cadherins, whereas other binding states also have been proposed, raising the possibility of additional binding processes required for the cadherin dimerization. However, technical limitations in observing single-molecule structures and their dynamics have precluded the investigation of the dynamic binding process of cadherin. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to observe full-length ectodomains of E-cadherin in solution and identified multiple dimeric structures that had not been reported previously. HS-AFM revealed that almost half of the cadherin dimers showed S- (or reverse S-) shaped conformations, which had more dynamic properties than the SS- and X-like dimers. The combined HS-AFM, mutational, and molecular modeling analyses showed that the S-shaped dimer was formed by membrane-distal ectodomains, while the binding interface was different from that of SS- and X-dimers. Furthermore, the formation of the SS-dimer from the S-shaped and X-like dimers was directly visualized, suggesting the processes of SS-dimer formation from S-shaped and X-dimers during cadherin dimerization. National Academy of Sciences 2022-07-22 2022-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9335211/ /pubmed/35867820 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208067119 Text en Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Nishiguchi, Shigetaka
Furuta, Tadaomi
Uchihashi, Takayuki
Multiple dimeric structures and strand-swap dimerization of E-cadherin in solution visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy
title Multiple dimeric structures and strand-swap dimerization of E-cadherin in solution visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy
title_full Multiple dimeric structures and strand-swap dimerization of E-cadherin in solution visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy
title_fullStr Multiple dimeric structures and strand-swap dimerization of E-cadherin in solution visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy
title_full_unstemmed Multiple dimeric structures and strand-swap dimerization of E-cadherin in solution visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy
title_short Multiple dimeric structures and strand-swap dimerization of E-cadherin in solution visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy
title_sort multiple dimeric structures and strand-swap dimerization of e-cadherin in solution visualized by high-speed atomic force microscopy
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9335211/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35867820
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208067119
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