KAP1 is a new non-genetic vulnerability of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and incurable cancer, which incidence is increasing in many countries. MPM escapes the classical genetic model of cancer evolution, lacking a distinctive genetic fingerprint. Omics profiling revealed extensive heterogeneity failing to identify major vulnerabilities and restraining development of MPM-oriented therapies. Here, we performed a multilayered analysis based on a functional genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening integrated with patients molecular and clinical data, to identify new non-genetic vulnerabilities of MPM. We identified a core of 18 functionally-related genes as essential for MPM cells. The chromatin reader KAP1 emerged as a dependency of MPM. We showed that KAP1 supports cell growth by orchestrating the expression of a G2/M-specific program, ensuring mitosis correct execution. Targeting KAP1 transcriptional function, by using CDK9 inhibitors resulted in a dramatic loss of MPM cells viability and shutdown of the KAP1-mediated program. Validation analysis on two independent MPM-patients sets, including a consecutive, retrospective cohort of 97 MPM, confirmed KAP1 as new non-genetic dependency of MPM and proved the association of its dependent gene program with reduced patients’ survival probability. Overall these data: provided new insights into the biology of MPM delineating KAP1 and its target genes as building blocks of its clinical aggressiveness.