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Nanoscale Features of Gambogic Acid Induced ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Cells Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy
Gambogic acid (GA), a kind of polyprenylated xanthone derived from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has showed spectrum anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity. However, up to now, there is little information about the effects of GA on esophageal cancer. In this study, we aim to test t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9337977/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35937670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1422185 |
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author | Liu, Jianxin Fan, Shuhao Xiang, Yinhong Xia, Jiaojiao Jin, Hua Xu, Jun-fa Yang, Fen Cai, Jiye Pi, Jiang |
author_facet | Liu, Jianxin Fan, Shuhao Xiang, Yinhong Xia, Jiaojiao Jin, Hua Xu, Jun-fa Yang, Fen Cai, Jiye Pi, Jiang |
author_sort | Liu, Jianxin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gambogic acid (GA), a kind of polyprenylated xanthone derived from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has showed spectrum anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity. However, up to now, there is little information about the effects of GA on esophageal cancer. In this study, we aim to test the anticancer effects of GA on esophageal cancer EC9706 cells. We established a nanoscale imaging method based on AFM to evaluate the reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) mediated anticancer effects of GA on esophageal cancer regarding the morphological and ultrastructural changes of esophageal cancer cells. The obtained results demonstrated that GA could inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest, and induce mitochondria membrane potential disruption in a ROS-dependent way. And using AFM imaging, we also found that GA could induce the damage of cellular morphology and increase of membrane height distribution and membrane roughness in EC9706 cells, which could be reversed by the removal of GA-induced excessive intracellular ROS. Our results not only demonstrated the anticancer effects of GA on EC9706 cells in ROS-dependent mechanism but also strongly suggested AFM as a powerful tool for the detection of ROS-mediated cancer cell apoptosis on the basis of imaging. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9337977 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93379772022-08-04 Nanoscale Features of Gambogic Acid Induced ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Cells Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy Liu, Jianxin Fan, Shuhao Xiang, Yinhong Xia, Jiaojiao Jin, Hua Xu, Jun-fa Yang, Fen Cai, Jiye Pi, Jiang Scanning Research Article Gambogic acid (GA), a kind of polyprenylated xanthone derived from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has showed spectrum anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity. However, up to now, there is little information about the effects of GA on esophageal cancer. In this study, we aim to test the anticancer effects of GA on esophageal cancer EC9706 cells. We established a nanoscale imaging method based on AFM to evaluate the reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) mediated anticancer effects of GA on esophageal cancer regarding the morphological and ultrastructural changes of esophageal cancer cells. The obtained results demonstrated that GA could inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest, and induce mitochondria membrane potential disruption in a ROS-dependent way. And using AFM imaging, we also found that GA could induce the damage of cellular morphology and increase of membrane height distribution and membrane roughness in EC9706 cells, which could be reversed by the removal of GA-induced excessive intracellular ROS. Our results not only demonstrated the anticancer effects of GA on EC9706 cells in ROS-dependent mechanism but also strongly suggested AFM as a powerful tool for the detection of ROS-mediated cancer cell apoptosis on the basis of imaging. Hindawi 2022-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9337977/ /pubmed/35937670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1422185 Text en Copyright © 2022 Jianxin Liu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Liu, Jianxin Fan, Shuhao Xiang, Yinhong Xia, Jiaojiao Jin, Hua Xu, Jun-fa Yang, Fen Cai, Jiye Pi, Jiang Nanoscale Features of Gambogic Acid Induced ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Cells Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy |
title | Nanoscale Features of Gambogic Acid Induced ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Cells Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy |
title_full | Nanoscale Features of Gambogic Acid Induced ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Cells Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy |
title_fullStr | Nanoscale Features of Gambogic Acid Induced ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Cells Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy |
title_full_unstemmed | Nanoscale Features of Gambogic Acid Induced ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Cells Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy |
title_short | Nanoscale Features of Gambogic Acid Induced ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Cells Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy |
title_sort | nanoscale features of gambogic acid induced ros-dependent apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells imaged by atomic force microscopy |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9337977/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35937670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1422185 |
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