Unexpected steric hindrance failure in the gas phase F(−) + (CH(3))(3)CI S(N)2 reaction

Base-induced elimination (E2) and bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S(N)2) reactions are of significant importance in physical organic chemistry. The textbook example of the retardation of S(N)2 reactivity by bulky alkyl substitution is widely accepted based on the static analysis of molecular structure and steric environment. However, the direct dynamical evidence of the steric hindrance of S(N)2 from experiment or theory remains rare. Here, we report an unprecedented full-dimensional (39-dimensional) machine learning-based potential energy surface for the 15-atom F(−) + (CH(3))(3)CI reaction, facilitating the reliable and efficient reaction dynamics simulations that can reproduce well the experimental outcomes and examine associated atomic-molecular level mechanisms. Moreover, we found surprisingly high “intrinsic” reactivity of S(N)2 when the E2 pathway is completely blocked, indicating the reaction that intends to proceed via E2 transits to S(N)2 instead, due to a shared pre-reaction minimum. This finding indicates that the competing factor of E2 but not the steric hindrance determines the small reactivity of S(N)2 for the F(−) + (CH(3))(3)CI reaction. Our study provides new insight into the dynamical origin that determines the intrinsic reactivity in gas-phase organic chemistry.