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Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Opium Abuse and its Association with Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of opium addiction in Iran is high probably due to the belief that opium has preventive effects against cardiovascular diseases. In the second phase of Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study, the prevalence, incidence rate, and the association between opium use...

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Autores principales: Najafipour, Hamid, Masoumi, Mohammad, Amirzadeh, Rahele, Rostamzadeh, Farzaneh, Foad, Rahim, Shadkam Farrokhi, Mitra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9339109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35919081
http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/IJMS.2021.89898.2065
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author Najafipour, Hamid
Masoumi, Mohammad
Amirzadeh, Rahele
Rostamzadeh, Farzaneh
Foad, Rahim
Shadkam Farrokhi, Mitra
author_facet Najafipour, Hamid
Masoumi, Mohammad
Amirzadeh, Rahele
Rostamzadeh, Farzaneh
Foad, Rahim
Shadkam Farrokhi, Mitra
author_sort Najafipour, Hamid
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The prevalence of opium addiction in Iran is high probably due to the belief that opium has preventive effects against cardiovascular diseases. In the second phase of Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study, the prevalence, incidence rate, and the association between opium use and other coronary artery disease risk factors (CADRFs) were assessed. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study (2014-2018), 9996 inhabitants of Kerman, southeastern Iran, aged 15-80 years were recruited to the study. After taking fasting blood samples, the participants were examined or interviewed for demographic data and CADRFs, including opium use. The participants were categorized into “never”, “occasional”, and “dependent” users. The association between opium use and CADRFs was assessed with adjusted regression analysis (Stata v.11 software). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of opium consumption was lower than that of five years earlier (P<0.01). The prevalence was currently higher in men than women and decreased in men between the two phases (P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between opium use and depression (P<0.001), anxiety (P<0.05), and a negative association with the level of physical activity (P<0.001). The five-year incident rate of dependent and occasional opium use was 4.2 and 3.9 persons/100 person-years, respectively. The incidence of opium use was higher in diabetic, hypertensive, depressed, anxious, and obese subjects. CONCLUSION: The study did not demonstrate any protective effects of opium on CADRFs. Considering the higher rate of opium use in subjects with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and psychological disorders, the health authorities should implement educational programs to warn and correct the unsafe belief.
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spelling pubmed-93391092022-08-01 Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Opium Abuse and its Association with Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study Najafipour, Hamid Masoumi, Mohammad Amirzadeh, Rahele Rostamzadeh, Farzaneh Foad, Rahim Shadkam Farrokhi, Mitra Iran J Med Sci Original Article BACKGROUND: The prevalence of opium addiction in Iran is high probably due to the belief that opium has preventive effects against cardiovascular diseases. In the second phase of Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study, the prevalence, incidence rate, and the association between opium use and other coronary artery disease risk factors (CADRFs) were assessed. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study (2014-2018), 9996 inhabitants of Kerman, southeastern Iran, aged 15-80 years were recruited to the study. After taking fasting blood samples, the participants were examined or interviewed for demographic data and CADRFs, including opium use. The participants were categorized into “never”, “occasional”, and “dependent” users. The association between opium use and CADRFs was assessed with adjusted regression analysis (Stata v.11 software). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of opium consumption was lower than that of five years earlier (P<0.01). The prevalence was currently higher in men than women and decreased in men between the two phases (P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between opium use and depression (P<0.001), anxiety (P<0.05), and a negative association with the level of physical activity (P<0.001). The five-year incident rate of dependent and occasional opium use was 4.2 and 3.9 persons/100 person-years, respectively. The incidence of opium use was higher in diabetic, hypertensive, depressed, anxious, and obese subjects. CONCLUSION: The study did not demonstrate any protective effects of opium on CADRFs. Considering the higher rate of opium use in subjects with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and psychological disorders, the health authorities should implement educational programs to warn and correct the unsafe belief. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2022-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9339109/ /pubmed/35919081 http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/IJMS.2021.89898.2065 Text en Copyright: © Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. This license allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use.
spellingShingle Original Article
Najafipour, Hamid
Masoumi, Mohammad
Amirzadeh, Rahele
Rostamzadeh, Farzaneh
Foad, Rahim
Shadkam Farrokhi, Mitra
Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Opium Abuse and its Association with Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study
title Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Opium Abuse and its Association with Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study
title_full Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Opium Abuse and its Association with Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study
title_fullStr Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Opium Abuse and its Association with Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study
title_full_unstemmed Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Opium Abuse and its Association with Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study
title_short Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Opium Abuse and its Association with Coronary Artery Risk Factors in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study
title_sort trends in the prevalence and incidence of opium abuse and its association with coronary artery risk factors in adult population in iran: findings from kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9339109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35919081
http://dx.doi.org/10.30476/IJMS.2021.89898.2065
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