Tuberculosis and Its “Troubled Relationship” With Other Diseases

Tuberculosis (TB) is a multisystemic disease caused most frequently by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary TB has become more frequent with the advent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as HIV can facilitate the infection with M. tuberculosis, especially during HIV seroconversion. Here, we present the case of a 22-year-old man, from Guinea-Bissau, with a history of untreated HIV who was admitted to the intensive care unit for respiratory failure needing mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary TB was diagnosed. His stay was complicated with a hemorrhagic shock due to traumatic urethral catheterization, which led to a perforation of the capsule of the prostate. A prostatectomy was needed for bleeding control. The anatomopathological examination confirmed the presence of acid-resistant bacilli, and an extensive caseous type necrosis of the whole tissue, thus diagnosing a prostatic tuberculosis. The patient recovered after a hemorrhagic shock, a urologic and radical intervention, and some severe infectious complications.