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Neuronal and glial characterization in the rostrocaudal axis of the human anterior olfactory nucleus: Involvement in Parkinson’s disease

Hyposmia is one of the prodromal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and a red flag in clinical diagnosis. Neuropathologically, this sign correlates with α-synuclein involvement in the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Neurodegeneration, microgliosis, and astrogliosis in AON are poorly studied, and...

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Autores principales: Villar-Conde, Sandra, Astillero-Lopez, Veronica, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania, Saiz-Sanchez, Daniel, Ubeda-Banon, Isabel, Flores-Cuadrado, Alicia, Martinez-Marcos, Alino
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9339613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35923614
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.907373
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author Villar-Conde, Sandra
Astillero-Lopez, Veronica
Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania
Saiz-Sanchez, Daniel
Ubeda-Banon, Isabel
Flores-Cuadrado, Alicia
Martinez-Marcos, Alino
author_facet Villar-Conde, Sandra
Astillero-Lopez, Veronica
Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania
Saiz-Sanchez, Daniel
Ubeda-Banon, Isabel
Flores-Cuadrado, Alicia
Martinez-Marcos, Alino
author_sort Villar-Conde, Sandra
collection PubMed
description Hyposmia is one of the prodromal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and a red flag in clinical diagnosis. Neuropathologically, this sign correlates with α-synuclein involvement in the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Neurodegeneration, microgliosis, and astrogliosis in AON are poorly studied, and bulbar AON is the focus of these studies with contradictory results. Additionally, male sex is a risk marker for developing PD, but sexual dimorphism of neural and glial populations in the AON has rarely been considered. The aim of this study was to analyze the density of NeuN, Iba-1, GFAP, and Lewy bodies (LBs), as well as the relationship of these cell type markers with pathology along the rostrocaudal axis of the AON (bulbar, retrobulbar, cortical anterior, and posterior divisions). Cavalieri, optical fractionator, and area fraction fractionator stereological approaches were used for the volume, cell populations and LBs densities, area fraction, and percentage of overlap. Iba-1 and α-syn intensities were measured using ImageJ. In non-PD (NPD) cases, the volume was lower in the AON at the extremes of the rostrocaudal axis than in the intermediate divisions. Cortical anterior AON volume decreased in PD compared with NPD cases. NeuN density decreased rostrocaudally in AON portions in NPD and PD cases. This occurred similarly in Iba-1 but only in PD samples. Iba-1 intensity significantly increased in bulbar AON between PD and NPD. No changes were found in astrocytes. Eight percent of NeuN, 0.1% of Iba-1, and 0.1% of GFAP areas overlapped with LBs area along the AON portions. The data indicate that bulbar AON, which is the most rostral portion in this axis, could play a major role in the pathology. This could be related to the larger area occupied by LBs in these divisions.
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spelling pubmed-93396132022-08-02 Neuronal and glial characterization in the rostrocaudal axis of the human anterior olfactory nucleus: Involvement in Parkinson’s disease Villar-Conde, Sandra Astillero-Lopez, Veronica Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania Saiz-Sanchez, Daniel Ubeda-Banon, Isabel Flores-Cuadrado, Alicia Martinez-Marcos, Alino Front Neuroanat Neuroanatomy Hyposmia is one of the prodromal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and a red flag in clinical diagnosis. Neuropathologically, this sign correlates with α-synuclein involvement in the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Neurodegeneration, microgliosis, and astrogliosis in AON are poorly studied, and bulbar AON is the focus of these studies with contradictory results. Additionally, male sex is a risk marker for developing PD, but sexual dimorphism of neural and glial populations in the AON has rarely been considered. The aim of this study was to analyze the density of NeuN, Iba-1, GFAP, and Lewy bodies (LBs), as well as the relationship of these cell type markers with pathology along the rostrocaudal axis of the AON (bulbar, retrobulbar, cortical anterior, and posterior divisions). Cavalieri, optical fractionator, and area fraction fractionator stereological approaches were used for the volume, cell populations and LBs densities, area fraction, and percentage of overlap. Iba-1 and α-syn intensities were measured using ImageJ. In non-PD (NPD) cases, the volume was lower in the AON at the extremes of the rostrocaudal axis than in the intermediate divisions. Cortical anterior AON volume decreased in PD compared with NPD cases. NeuN density decreased rostrocaudally in AON portions in NPD and PD cases. This occurred similarly in Iba-1 but only in PD samples. Iba-1 intensity significantly increased in bulbar AON between PD and NPD. No changes were found in astrocytes. Eight percent of NeuN, 0.1% of Iba-1, and 0.1% of GFAP areas overlapped with LBs area along the AON portions. The data indicate that bulbar AON, which is the most rostral portion in this axis, could play a major role in the pathology. This could be related to the larger area occupied by LBs in these divisions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9339613/ /pubmed/35923614 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.907373 Text en Copyright © 2022 Villar-Conde, Astillero-Lopez, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Saiz-Sanchez, Ubeda-Banon, Flores-Cuadrado and Martinez-Marcos. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroanatomy
Villar-Conde, Sandra
Astillero-Lopez, Veronica
Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania
Saiz-Sanchez, Daniel
Ubeda-Banon, Isabel
Flores-Cuadrado, Alicia
Martinez-Marcos, Alino
Neuronal and glial characterization in the rostrocaudal axis of the human anterior olfactory nucleus: Involvement in Parkinson’s disease
title Neuronal and glial characterization in the rostrocaudal axis of the human anterior olfactory nucleus: Involvement in Parkinson’s disease
title_full Neuronal and glial characterization in the rostrocaudal axis of the human anterior olfactory nucleus: Involvement in Parkinson’s disease
title_fullStr Neuronal and glial characterization in the rostrocaudal axis of the human anterior olfactory nucleus: Involvement in Parkinson’s disease
title_full_unstemmed Neuronal and glial characterization in the rostrocaudal axis of the human anterior olfactory nucleus: Involvement in Parkinson’s disease
title_short Neuronal and glial characterization in the rostrocaudal axis of the human anterior olfactory nucleus: Involvement in Parkinson’s disease
title_sort neuronal and glial characterization in the rostrocaudal axis of the human anterior olfactory nucleus: involvement in parkinson’s disease
topic Neuroanatomy
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9339613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35923614
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.907373
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