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Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis

Macrophages have a vital role in the immune system through elimination of cell debris and microorganisms by phagocytosis. The activation of macrophages by tumour necrosis factor-α induces expression of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and promotes release of this vimentin into the extracellular e...

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Autores principales: Thalla, Divyendu Goud, Rajwar, Ashish Chand, Laurent, Annalena Maria, Becher, Johanna Elisabeth, Kainka, Lucina, Lautenschläger, Franziska
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9340215/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35923851
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.891281
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author Thalla, Divyendu Goud
Rajwar, Ashish Chand
Laurent, Annalena Maria
Becher, Johanna Elisabeth
Kainka, Lucina
Lautenschläger, Franziska
author_facet Thalla, Divyendu Goud
Rajwar, Ashish Chand
Laurent, Annalena Maria
Becher, Johanna Elisabeth
Kainka, Lucina
Lautenschläger, Franziska
author_sort Thalla, Divyendu Goud
collection PubMed
description Macrophages have a vital role in the immune system through elimination of cell debris and microorganisms by phagocytosis. The activation of macrophages by tumour necrosis factor-α induces expression of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and promotes release of this vimentin into the extracellular environment. Vimentin is a cytoskeletal protein that is primarily located in the cytoplasm of cells. However, under circumstances like injury, stress, senescence and activation, vimentin can be expressed on the extracellular cell surface, or it can be released into the extracellular space. The characteristics of this extracellular vimentin, and its implications for the functional role of macrophages and the mechanism of secretion remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that vimentin is released mainly from the back of macrophage-like cells. This polarisation is strongly enhanced upon macrophage activation. One-dimensional patterned lines showed that extracellular cell-surface vimentin is localised primarily at the back of activated macrophage-like cells. Through two-dimensional migration and phagocytosis assays, we show that this extracellular vimentin enhances migration and phagocytosis of macrophage-like cells. We further show that this extracellular vimentin forms agglomerates on the cell surface, in contrast to its intracellular filamentous form, and that it is released into the extracellular space in the form of small fragments. Taken together, we provide new insights into the release of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and its implications for macrophage functionality.
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spelling pubmed-93402152022-08-02 Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis Thalla, Divyendu Goud Rajwar, Ashish Chand Laurent, Annalena Maria Becher, Johanna Elisabeth Kainka, Lucina Lautenschläger, Franziska Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Macrophages have a vital role in the immune system through elimination of cell debris and microorganisms by phagocytosis. The activation of macrophages by tumour necrosis factor-α induces expression of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and promotes release of this vimentin into the extracellular environment. Vimentin is a cytoskeletal protein that is primarily located in the cytoplasm of cells. However, under circumstances like injury, stress, senescence and activation, vimentin can be expressed on the extracellular cell surface, or it can be released into the extracellular space. The characteristics of this extracellular vimentin, and its implications for the functional role of macrophages and the mechanism of secretion remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that vimentin is released mainly from the back of macrophage-like cells. This polarisation is strongly enhanced upon macrophage activation. One-dimensional patterned lines showed that extracellular cell-surface vimentin is localised primarily at the back of activated macrophage-like cells. Through two-dimensional migration and phagocytosis assays, we show that this extracellular vimentin enhances migration and phagocytosis of macrophage-like cells. We further show that this extracellular vimentin forms agglomerates on the cell surface, in contrast to its intracellular filamentous form, and that it is released into the extracellular space in the form of small fragments. Taken together, we provide new insights into the release of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and its implications for macrophage functionality. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9340215/ /pubmed/35923851 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.891281 Text en Copyright © 2022 Thalla, Rajwar, Laurent, Becher, Kainka and Lautenschläger. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Thalla, Divyendu Goud
Rajwar, Ashish Chand
Laurent, Annalena Maria
Becher, Johanna Elisabeth
Kainka, Lucina
Lautenschläger, Franziska
Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis
title Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis
title_full Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis
title_fullStr Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis
title_short Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis
title_sort extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9340215/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35923851
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.891281
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