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Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review

BACKGROUND: Over the past two years, SARS-CoV-2 has frequently been documented with various post and para-infectious complications, including cerebrovascular, neuromuscular, and some demyelinating conditions such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). We report two rare neurological manifes...

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Autores principales: Feizi, Parissa, Sharma, Kanika, Pasham, Shreya R., Nirwan, Lalit, Joseph, Joe, Jaiswal, Shruti, Sriwastava, Shitiz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier B.V. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9343076/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35939945
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577939
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author Feizi, Parissa
Sharma, Kanika
Pasham, Shreya R.
Nirwan, Lalit
Joseph, Joe
Jaiswal, Shruti
Sriwastava, Shitiz
author_facet Feizi, Parissa
Sharma, Kanika
Pasham, Shreya R.
Nirwan, Lalit
Joseph, Joe
Jaiswal, Shruti
Sriwastava, Shitiz
author_sort Feizi, Parissa
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Over the past two years, SARS-CoV-2 has frequently been documented with various post and para-infectious complications, including cerebrovascular, neuromuscular, and some demyelinating conditions such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). We report two rare neurological manifestations post-COVID-19 infection; multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Further, we reviewed other CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with SARS-CoV-2, including optic neuritis (ON) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). METHODS: A descriptive analysis and literature search of Google Scholar and PubMed was conducted by two independent reviewers from December 1st, 2019, to March 30th, 2022, and included all the case studies of MS, MOGAD, NMOSD, and ON associated with COVID-19 infection. CASE PRESENTATIONS: Case 1 (MS) was a 24-year-old female with paresthesia and bilateral weakness one week after COVID-19 symptom onset who showed demyelinating plaques and 12 isolated oligoclonal bands (OCBs). Case 2 (MOGAD) was a 41-year-old male with encephalomyelitis 16 days after COVID-19, who later developed MOG-antibody-associated optic neuritis. RESULTS: Out of 18 cases, NMOSD was the most common post-COVID manifestation (7, 39%), followed by MOGAD (5, 28%), MS (4, 22%), and isolated ON (2, 11%). The median duration between the onset of COVID-19 symptom onset and neurological symptoms was 14 days. 61% of these were male, with a mean age of 35 years. IVMP was the treatment of choice, and nearly all patients made a full recovery, with zero fatalities. CONCLUSIONS: Although these neurological sequelae are few, physicians must be cognizant of their underlying pathophysiology and associated clinical and neuro-diagnostic findings when treating COVID-19 patients with atypical presentations.
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spelling pubmed-93430762022-08-02 Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review Feizi, Parissa Sharma, Kanika Pasham, Shreya R. Nirwan, Lalit Joseph, Joe Jaiswal, Shruti Sriwastava, Shitiz J Neuroimmunol Short Communication BACKGROUND: Over the past two years, SARS-CoV-2 has frequently been documented with various post and para-infectious complications, including cerebrovascular, neuromuscular, and some demyelinating conditions such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). We report two rare neurological manifestations post-COVID-19 infection; multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Further, we reviewed other CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with SARS-CoV-2, including optic neuritis (ON) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). METHODS: A descriptive analysis and literature search of Google Scholar and PubMed was conducted by two independent reviewers from December 1st, 2019, to March 30th, 2022, and included all the case studies of MS, MOGAD, NMOSD, and ON associated with COVID-19 infection. CASE PRESENTATIONS: Case 1 (MS) was a 24-year-old female with paresthesia and bilateral weakness one week after COVID-19 symptom onset who showed demyelinating plaques and 12 isolated oligoclonal bands (OCBs). Case 2 (MOGAD) was a 41-year-old male with encephalomyelitis 16 days after COVID-19, who later developed MOG-antibody-associated optic neuritis. RESULTS: Out of 18 cases, NMOSD was the most common post-COVID manifestation (7, 39%), followed by MOGAD (5, 28%), MS (4, 22%), and isolated ON (2, 11%). The median duration between the onset of COVID-19 symptom onset and neurological symptoms was 14 days. 61% of these were male, with a mean age of 35 years. IVMP was the treatment of choice, and nearly all patients made a full recovery, with zero fatalities. CONCLUSIONS: Although these neurological sequelae are few, physicians must be cognizant of their underlying pathophysiology and associated clinical and neuro-diagnostic findings when treating COVID-19 patients with atypical presentations. Elsevier B.V. 2022-10-15 2022-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9343076/ /pubmed/35939945 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577939 Text en © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Short Communication
Feizi, Parissa
Sharma, Kanika
Pasham, Shreya R.
Nirwan, Lalit
Joseph, Joe
Jaiswal, Shruti
Sriwastava, Shitiz
Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review
title Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review
title_full Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review
title_fullStr Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review
title_full_unstemmed Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review
title_short Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review
title_sort central nervous system (cns) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (idds) associated with covid-19: a case series and review
topic Short Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9343076/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35939945
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577939
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