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Temperature- and light stress adaptations in Zygnematophyceae: The challenges of a semi-terrestrial lifestyle

Streptophyte green algae comprise the origin of land plants and therefore life on earth as we know it today. While terrestrialization opened new habitats, leaving the aquatic environment brought additional abiotic stresses. More-drastic temperature shifts and high light levels are major abiotic stre...

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Autores principales: Permann, Charlotte, Becker, Burkhard, Holzinger, Andreas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9343959/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35928713
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.945394
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author Permann, Charlotte
Becker, Burkhard
Holzinger, Andreas
author_facet Permann, Charlotte
Becker, Burkhard
Holzinger, Andreas
author_sort Permann, Charlotte
collection PubMed
description Streptophyte green algae comprise the origin of land plants and therefore life on earth as we know it today. While terrestrialization opened new habitats, leaving the aquatic environment brought additional abiotic stresses. More-drastic temperature shifts and high light levels are major abiotic stresses in semi-terrestrial habitats, in addition to desiccation, which has been reviewed elsewhere. Zygnematophyceae, a species-rich class of streptophyte green algae, is considered a sister-group to embryophytes. They have developed a variety of avoidance and adaptation mechanisms to protect against temperature extremes and high radiation in the form of photosynthetically active and ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation occurring on land. Recently, knowledge of transcriptomic and metabolomic changes as consequences of these stresses has become available. Land-plant stress-signaling pathways producing homologs of key enzymes have been described in Zygnematophyceae. An efficient adaptation strategy is their mat-like growth habit, which provides self-shading and protects lower layers from harmful radiation. Additionally, Zygnematophyceae possess phenolic compounds with UV-screening ability. Resting stages such as vegetative pre-akinetes tolerate freezing to a much higher extent than do young cells. Sexual reproduction occurs by conjugation without the formation of flagellated male gametes, which can be seen as an advantage in water-deficient habitats. The resulting zygospores possess a multilayer cell wall, contributing to their resistance to terrestrial conditions. Especially in the context of global change, understanding temperature and light tolerance is crucial.
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spelling pubmed-93439592022-08-03 Temperature- and light stress adaptations in Zygnematophyceae: The challenges of a semi-terrestrial lifestyle Permann, Charlotte Becker, Burkhard Holzinger, Andreas Front Plant Sci Plant Science Streptophyte green algae comprise the origin of land plants and therefore life on earth as we know it today. While terrestrialization opened new habitats, leaving the aquatic environment brought additional abiotic stresses. More-drastic temperature shifts and high light levels are major abiotic stresses in semi-terrestrial habitats, in addition to desiccation, which has been reviewed elsewhere. Zygnematophyceae, a species-rich class of streptophyte green algae, is considered a sister-group to embryophytes. They have developed a variety of avoidance and adaptation mechanisms to protect against temperature extremes and high radiation in the form of photosynthetically active and ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation occurring on land. Recently, knowledge of transcriptomic and metabolomic changes as consequences of these stresses has become available. Land-plant stress-signaling pathways producing homologs of key enzymes have been described in Zygnematophyceae. An efficient adaptation strategy is their mat-like growth habit, which provides self-shading and protects lower layers from harmful radiation. Additionally, Zygnematophyceae possess phenolic compounds with UV-screening ability. Resting stages such as vegetative pre-akinetes tolerate freezing to a much higher extent than do young cells. Sexual reproduction occurs by conjugation without the formation of flagellated male gametes, which can be seen as an advantage in water-deficient habitats. The resulting zygospores possess a multilayer cell wall, contributing to their resistance to terrestrial conditions. Especially in the context of global change, understanding temperature and light tolerance is crucial. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9343959/ /pubmed/35928713 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.945394 Text en Copyright © 2022 Permann, Becker and Holzinger. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Permann, Charlotte
Becker, Burkhard
Holzinger, Andreas
Temperature- and light stress adaptations in Zygnematophyceae: The challenges of a semi-terrestrial lifestyle
title Temperature- and light stress adaptations in Zygnematophyceae: The challenges of a semi-terrestrial lifestyle
title_full Temperature- and light stress adaptations in Zygnematophyceae: The challenges of a semi-terrestrial lifestyle
title_fullStr Temperature- and light stress adaptations in Zygnematophyceae: The challenges of a semi-terrestrial lifestyle
title_full_unstemmed Temperature- and light stress adaptations in Zygnematophyceae: The challenges of a semi-terrestrial lifestyle
title_short Temperature- and light stress adaptations in Zygnematophyceae: The challenges of a semi-terrestrial lifestyle
title_sort temperature- and light stress adaptations in zygnematophyceae: the challenges of a semi-terrestrial lifestyle
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9343959/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35928713
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.945394
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