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The advantage of sex: Reinserting fluctuating selection in the pluralist approach
The advantage of sex, and its fixation in some clades and species all over the eukaryote tree of life, is considered an evolutionary enigma, especially regarding its assumed two-fold cost. Several likely hypotheses have been proposed such as (1) a better response to the negative frequency-dependent...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9345338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35917359 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272134 |
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author | Pierre, Jean-Sébastien Stoeckel, Solenn Wajnberg, Eric |
author_facet | Pierre, Jean-Sébastien Stoeckel, Solenn Wajnberg, Eric |
author_sort | Pierre, Jean-Sébastien |
collection | PubMed |
description | The advantage of sex, and its fixation in some clades and species all over the eukaryote tree of life, is considered an evolutionary enigma, especially regarding its assumed two-fold cost. Several likely hypotheses have been proposed such as (1) a better response to the negative frequency-dependent selection imposed by the “Red Queen” hypothesis; (2) the competition between siblings induced by the Tangled Bank hypothesis; (3) the existence of genetic and of (4) ecological factors that can diminish the cost of sex to less than the standard assumed two-fold; and (5) a better maintenance of genetic diversity and its resulting phenotypic variation, providing a selective advantage in randomly fluctuating environments. While these hypotheses have mostly been studied separately, they can also act simultaneously. This was advocated by several studies which presented a pluralist point of view. Only three among the five causes cited above were considered yet in such a framework: the Red Queen hypothesis, the Tangled Bank and the genetic factors lowering the cost of sex. We thus simulated the evolution of a finite mutating population undergoing negative frequency-dependent selection on phenotypes and a two-fold (or less) cost of sexuality, experiencing randomly fluctuating selection along generations. The individuals inherited their reproductive modes, either clonal or sexual. We found that exclusive sexuality begins to fix in populations exposed to environmental variation that exceeds the width of one ecological niche (twice the standard deviation of a Gaussian response to environment). This threshold was lowered by increasing negative frequency-dependent selection and when reducing the two-fold cost of sex. It contributes advocating that the different processes involved in a short-term advantage of sex and recombination can act in combination to favor the fixation of sexual reproduction in populations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9345338 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93453382022-08-03 The advantage of sex: Reinserting fluctuating selection in the pluralist approach Pierre, Jean-Sébastien Stoeckel, Solenn Wajnberg, Eric PLoS One Research Article The advantage of sex, and its fixation in some clades and species all over the eukaryote tree of life, is considered an evolutionary enigma, especially regarding its assumed two-fold cost. Several likely hypotheses have been proposed such as (1) a better response to the negative frequency-dependent selection imposed by the “Red Queen” hypothesis; (2) the competition between siblings induced by the Tangled Bank hypothesis; (3) the existence of genetic and of (4) ecological factors that can diminish the cost of sex to less than the standard assumed two-fold; and (5) a better maintenance of genetic diversity and its resulting phenotypic variation, providing a selective advantage in randomly fluctuating environments. While these hypotheses have mostly been studied separately, they can also act simultaneously. This was advocated by several studies which presented a pluralist point of view. Only three among the five causes cited above were considered yet in such a framework: the Red Queen hypothesis, the Tangled Bank and the genetic factors lowering the cost of sex. We thus simulated the evolution of a finite mutating population undergoing negative frequency-dependent selection on phenotypes and a two-fold (or less) cost of sexuality, experiencing randomly fluctuating selection along generations. The individuals inherited their reproductive modes, either clonal or sexual. We found that exclusive sexuality begins to fix in populations exposed to environmental variation that exceeds the width of one ecological niche (twice the standard deviation of a Gaussian response to environment). This threshold was lowered by increasing negative frequency-dependent selection and when reducing the two-fold cost of sex. It contributes advocating that the different processes involved in a short-term advantage of sex and recombination can act in combination to favor the fixation of sexual reproduction in populations. Public Library of Science 2022-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9345338/ /pubmed/35917359 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272134 Text en © 2022 Pierre et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Pierre, Jean-Sébastien Stoeckel, Solenn Wajnberg, Eric The advantage of sex: Reinserting fluctuating selection in the pluralist approach |
title | The advantage of sex: Reinserting fluctuating selection in the pluralist approach |
title_full | The advantage of sex: Reinserting fluctuating selection in the pluralist approach |
title_fullStr | The advantage of sex: Reinserting fluctuating selection in the pluralist approach |
title_full_unstemmed | The advantage of sex: Reinserting fluctuating selection in the pluralist approach |
title_short | The advantage of sex: Reinserting fluctuating selection in the pluralist approach |
title_sort | advantage of sex: reinserting fluctuating selection in the pluralist approach |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9345338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35917359 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272134 |
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